Temel Bilimler Bölümü Koleksiyonu

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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12941/27

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Predictive values and relationships of serum PSA levels, delta neutrophil index, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and other hematological parameters in patients with acute prostatitis
(Urologia, 2024) Uyanık, Bekir Sami; Çakıroğlu, Basri; Gözüküçük, Ramazan
Background: This study aimed to evaluate the predictive values and relationships of serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels, delta neutrophil index (DNI), neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and other hematological parameters in patients diagnosed with acute prostatitis. Methods: Serum PSA levels and hemogram parameters of patients diagnosed with acute prostatitis were retrospectively analyzed. Healthy patients of the same age group were assigned to the control group. WBC, neutrophil, lymphocyte, thrombocyte (PLT), mean platelet volume (MPV), plateletcrit (PCT), NLR, and DNI were determined. Serum total PSA and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were also assessed. Results: Total PSA levels (3.48 [1.11-6.66]) in the acute prostatitis (AP) group were significantly higher than those of healthy men (0.82 [0.47-1.39]) (p < 0.001). Total CRP levels (3.88 [1.50-22.03]) in the AP group were significantly higher than those in healthy men (1.15 [0.89-2.00]) (p < 0.001). The sensitivity and specificity of PSA at a cutoff value of 1.52 were 68.4% and 79.7%, respectively. The NLR value in the AP group was 2.62 (1.87-4.42), compared to 1.63 (1.18-2.20) in the healthy group (p < 0.001). Differences in WBC, neutrophil, and lymphocyte counts were also statistically significant (p < 0.001). There were no significant differences in PLT, PCT, or DNI values. Significant positive correlations were observed between PSA, CRP, and DNI values (all p < 0.001). Conclusion: This study demonstrated the usefulness of NLR, PSA, CRP, and WBC as predictors of acute prostatitis. NLR is a simple, inexpensive inflammation parameter that correlates well with CRP levels.
Exploring the Relationship Between HMGB1, CXCL12, CXCR4, and CXCR7 in the Context of Adriamycin-Induced Cardiotoxicity
(2024) Emrence, Zeliha; Punar, Şeyma; Taşkın, Eylem; Güven, Celal; Sarıman, Melda; Abacı,Neslihan
High-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1), known as an abundant and highly conserved nuclear protein, plays a pivotal role in initiating inflammation, tissue healing, and the immune response following various forms of cell damage. The chemokine C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12) forms a signaling axis known as CXCL12/ CXCR4/CXCR7, along with the receptors CXCR4 and CXCR7. Our study aimed to explore the connection between HMGB1 and the involved chemokine axis, CXCR4, CXCL12, and CXCR7, in the context of adriamycin-induced cardiotoxicity. Materials and Methods: We performed RNA interference to suppress HMGB1 expression in H9c2 cardiac myoblast cells. Adriamycin, an anti-tumor antibiotic known for causing cardiotoxicity, was used in conjunction with HMGB1 suppression. We investigated the combined and individual effects of these factors. Gene expression analysis was conducted through qRT-PCR 36 and 48 h post-treatment. Results: Adriamycin treatment increased the expression of CXCL12, CXCR4, and CXCR7. Notably, our study observed significant changes in gene expression when HMGB1 was downregulated and adriamycin was administered. These findings suggest potential molecular mechanisms associated with adriamycin-induced cardiotoxicity, emphasizing the significance of the CXCR4/CXCL12 axis and the impact of HMGB1 modulation. Conclusion: Our study provides insights into the molecular interplay between HMGB1 and the CXCL12/CXCR4/CXCR7 ligand-receptor axis in the context of adriamycin-induced cardiotoxicity. The results shed light on further research to enhance therapeutic approaches or advance new strategies to address this cardiotoxicity.
Miliary Pulmonary Tuberculosis After Intravesical BCG Instillation in a Patient with High-Grade Bladder Cancer
(Ankara Microbiology Soc, 2023) Gözüküçük, Ramazan; Çakıroğlu, Basri
Intravesical administration of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine is used in the treatment of superficial bladder cancer. In clinical practice, intravesical BCG immunotherapy after transurethral tumor resection is a highly effective treatment option in preventing tumor recurrence and progression in medium and high risk superficial bladder tumors. Since patients are given live tuberculosis (TB) bacillus, serious side effects such as pneumonia, sepsis and even death can be seen. Lung involvement occurs in less than 1% of patients and most commonly presents as interstitial pneumonia or miliary TB. Miliary TB is difficult to diagnose and is usually based on high clinical suspicion, as Mycobacterium bovis is not isolated in most cases. Treatment is not completely standardized. However, in severe cases, a combination of anti-tuberculosis drugs and corticosteroids is recommended. In this report, a case of miliary tuberculosis, a very rare complication after instillation of BCG into the bladder in a patient with a diagnosis of superficial bladder cancer, was presented. A 73-year-old male patient diagnosed with bladder tumor underwent transurethral resection of bladder tumor, and then weekly intravesical injection of BCG-MEDAC for six weeks had no adverse effects. Three weeks of intravesical BCG supplementation was planned for the patient who had no signs of recurrence when checked three months later by cystoscopy. Two hours after the first dose, the patient, who applied to the emergency department with the complaint of chills and shivering, was hospitalized for further follow-up and treatment. Afterwards, repeat cultures were taken from the patient whose fever continued on the seventh day of treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics (meropenem and teicoplanin). In addition, when abdominal and thorax computed tomography (CT) were performed, multiple miliary nodular lesions were detected in both lungs and were evaluated in favor of miliary TB. With these findings, the patient was started on miliary TB therapy [isoniazid (INH), rifampicin (RIF), ethambutol (EMB) and streptomycin (STM)] targeting Mycobacterium bovis, since it was an infection that developed after BCG injection. In the third week of the treatment, the patient's fever was under control, and he was discharged on the 25th day of his hospitalization because of significant improvement in infection markers [C-reactive protein(CRP)-procalcitonin]. At the end of two months, there was clear regression of pulmonary abnormalities on control thorax CT. In conclusion, miliary TB developing after intravesical BCG instillation is a very rare condition, the cause of which is not fully understood, the etiology of fever can be easily missed, and the diagnosis is difficult. In addition, this case is presented to draw attention to a critical disease that requires long treatment and follow-up and requires attention.
Comparison of epoprostenol and viscum album efficiencies in the treatment of avascular necrosis of the femoral head: An experimental animal study
(Histology and Histopathology, 2024) Kumbaracı, Mert; Sarsik Kumbaracı, Banu; Doganavsargil Yakut, Basak; Can, Cenk; Başdemir, Gülçin; Aydoğdu, Semih
Background: The aim of our study is to compare the efficacy of epoprostenol and viscum album in the treatment of femoral head avascular necrosis with an experimental study. Our hypothesis is that viscum album, which has similar properties to epoprostenol on the vascular system, is as effective as epoprostenol in the treatment of avascular necrosis. Methods: Avascular necrosis was created on the femoral heads of 45 New Zealand type rabbits by surgical vascular deprivation method. The rabbits were divided into 3 groups. Group 1 was designed as a control group, in group 2 Ilomedin (epoprostenol analogue) was administrated to subjects and in group 3, Helixor (viscum album extract) was administrated. At the end of the study, there were nine subjects in each group. Osteocyte necrosis, bone marrow necrosis, new bone formation and cartilage degeneration were evaluated microscopically. The extent of bone necrosis and repair and involvement of epiphysis, the bone marrow cellularity ratio and trabecular bone volume were investigated. Results: Subchondral necrosis was seen in more animals in the control group (p=0.03). Osteoblastic and osteoclastic activity were more prominent in the Ilomedin group (p=0.25 and 0.07, respectively). It was seen that the cartilages of the subjects in the Helixor and Ilomedin groups were less damaged. In the Ilomedin group, more animals were seen in the chronic phase of the repair process than in the other groups (p=0.07). Bone marrow cellularity was higher in treatment groups (22% and 20,6% for Ilomedin and Helixor, respectively, p=0,04). Trabecular volume was found to be increased in damaged femoral heads in the treatment groups, the highest increased observed in the Helixor group (p=0.01). Conclusion: Viscum album seems to be effective in decreasing the extention of necrosis and protecting the articular cartilage, and epoprostenol in increasing repair and regeneration.
Pediatric oral and dental health knowledge in child development students
(Acta Scientiarum. Health Sciences, 2024) Capan, Belen Şirinoğlu; Doger, Saniye Selin; Gündoğan, Buse Tansu; Elitez, Didem
Oral and dental problems can also affect general health. The aim of this study is to evaluate the senior child development undergraduate students' knowledge on pediatric oral and dental health and to examine the changes in their knowledge levels after the training. A 24-item questionnaire was sent to the participating students, in which their demographic characteristics and their knowledge about children's oral health were questioned. Afterwards, 3-hour training was given and the same questionnaire was sent again at the end of the training. One-way Anova and Mann-Whitney-U tests were used to compare quantitative variables. Fortysix students participated in this study. The students' knowledge score was 7.65±1.95 before the training; it was calculated as 9.78±2.06 after training. The difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). The majority of the incorrect answers before the training were given for fluoride toothpaste use (78.3%), tooth brushing start period (60.9%), first permanent tooth eruption time (43.5%), and treatment option of caries in primary teeth(41.3%). A significant decrease was observed in these rates after the training (p < 0.05). Child development students have a moderate knowledge on oral and dental health and their knowledge levels increase with training. In order to raise children with better oral health habits, the undergraduate education of the Child Development Department needs to be rearranged. © 2024, Eduem - Editora da Universidade Estadual de Maringa. All rights reserved.
İntravezikal BCG uygulaması sonrası oluşan miliyer akciğer tüberkülozu olgusu
(2023) Gözüküçük, Ramazan; Çakıroğlu, Basri; Gözüküçük, Ramazan
Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) aşısının intravezikal uygulaması, yüzeyel mesane kanseri tedavisinde kullanılmaktadır. Klinik pratikte, orta ve yüksek riskli yüzeyel mesane tümörlerinde, transüretral tümör rezeksiyonu sonrası intravezikal BCG immünoterapisi, tümör nüks ve progresyonunu önlemede oldukça etkili bir tedavi seçeneğidir. Hastalara canlı tüberküloz (TB) basili verildiği için pnömoni, sepsis ve hatta ölüm gibi ciddi yan etkiler görülebilmektedir. Akciğer tutulumu hastaların %1’inden daha azında görülür ve en yaygın olarak interstisyel pnömoni veya miliyer TB olarak ortaya çıkar. Miliyer TB’nin teşhis edilmesi zordur ve çoğu olguda Mycobacterium bovis izole edilmediğinden genellikle yüksek klinik şüpheye dayanır. Tedavi tamamen standardize edilmemiştir. Bununla birlikte ciddi olgularda, antitüberküloz ilaçlar ve kortikosteroidlerin bir kombinasyonu önerilir. Bu olgu raporunda, yüzeyel mesane kanseri tanısı olan hastada, BCG’nin mesaneye instilasyonu sonrası çok nadir görülen bir komplikasyon olan miliyer TB olgusu sunulmuştur. Mesane tümörü tanısı konulan 73 yaşında erkek hastaya, transüretral mesane tümörü rezeksiyonu uygulanmış olup daha sonra altı hafta boyunca haftada bir intravezikal BCG-MEDAC enjeksiyonu yapılmış, herhangi bir yan etki olmamıştır. Sistoskopi ile üç ay sonra kontrol edildiğinde nüks belirtisi olmayan hastaya, üç haftalık intravezikal BCG takviyesi planlanmıştır. İlk dozdan iki saat sonra, üşüme-titreme şikayetiyle acil servise başvuran hasta, idrar ve kan kültürü tetkikleri alınıp ileri takip ve tedavi için hastaneye yatırılmış, ampirik olarak levofloksasin 500 mg başlanmıştır. Sonrasında, geniş spektrumlu antibiyotiklerle (meropenem ve teikoplanin) tedavisinin yedinci gününde ateşi devam eden hastadan tekrar kültürleri alınmıştır. Ek olarak batın ve akciğer bilgisayarlı tomografisi (BT) çekildiğinde, her iki akciğerde miliyer tarzda çok sayıda nodüler lezyon saptanmış ve miliyer TB lehine değerlendirilmiştir. Bu bulgularla hastaya, BCG enjeksiyonu sonrası gelişen enfeksiyon olduğu için Mycobacterium bovis’i hedef alan miliyer TB tedavisi [izoniyazid (INH), rifampisin (RIF), etambutol (EMB) ve streptomisin (STM)] başlanmıştır. Tedavinin üçüncü haftasında hastanın ateşi kontrol altına alınmış, enfeksiyon belirteçlerinde [C-reaktif protein(CRP)-prokalsitonin] belirgin düzelme olduğu için yatışının 25. gününde taburcu edilmiştir. İki ayın sonunda, kontrol toraks BT’de pulmoner anormalliklerde bariz gerileme olduğu saptanmıştır. Sonuç olarak, intravezikal BCG instilasyonu sonrasında gelişen miliyer TB; çok nadir görülen, nedeni tam olarak anlaşılamayan, ateş etiyolojisinde kolayca atlanabilen ve tanısı zor konulan bir durumdur. Bu olgu raporu, tedavi ve takibi uzun süren, oldukça dikkat gerektiren kritik bir hastalık tablosuna dikkat çekmek amacıyla sunulmuştur.
The importance of hematological parameters in the prognosis of patients with severe COVID-19, a single-center retrospective study
(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2023) Gözüküçük, Ramazan; Kılıç, Hasan Hüseyin; Uyanık, Bekir Sami; Çakıroğlu, Basri
Background: Inflammation biomarkers known as acute phase reactants (APRs) show significant variations in serum concentrations during inflammation brought on by both viral and noninfectious diseases. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), the C-reactive protein (CRP), the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), the ferritin, the fibrinogen, the procalcitonin, the D-dimer, and the troponin I are all significant APRs. During inflammation, the serum levels of each of these positive APRs rise. The sensitivity and specificity of hematologic parameters and indices are as high as the inflammatory biomarkers mentioned above for monitoring disease severity and treatment response. Aim: We aimed to evaluate the differences in hematological parameters and indices, and to reveal their treatment and prognostic values, especially in deceased patients with COVID-19. Materials and Methods: The hemogram parameters of 169 critical patients with COVID-19 (125 males and 44 females) who received inpatient treatment at …. between 1 March 2020 and 31 December 2021 were analyzed retrospectively. The patients were divided into two groups—deceased (77) and surviving (92)—noting demographic data such as age and gender. All analyses were performed using SPSS 25.0. Results: Analyses of the hematological parameters used during the treatment processes revealed statistically significant differences between the two patient groups. White blood cell (WBC), neutrophil, and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) values were significantly higher (P = 0.019, P = 0.000 and P = 0.000, respectively) for deceased subjects, while lymphocyte, platelet and plateletcrit (PCT) values were significantly lower (for all values, P = 0.000). Platelet volume (MPV) and platelet distribution width (PDW), as well as MPV/PLT, PDW/PLT, MPV/PCT, and PDW/PCT, levels were significantly higher in deceased subjects (P = 0.000). Particularly in our deceased cases, receiver operating characteristic analyses were performed to reveal the importance of such analyses in prognostic status evaluation in COVID 19 since the hematological parameters are quite different. Cut off values were determined for each parameter, and sensitivity and specificity ratios were calculated. While the sensitivities of MPV/PLT, PDW/PLT, MPV/PCT, and PDW/PCT indices are over 80%, neutrophil and white blood cell sensitivities were found to be lower (74%, 68.8%, respectively). Conclusion: In addition to NLR, which is an important biomarker, the hematological indices MPV/PLT, PDW/PLT, MPV/PCT, and PDW/ PCT can be used to determine the risk of death in patients with severe COVID-19.
Özel popülasyonlarda tüberküloz
(Bilimsel Tıp Yayınevi, 2023) Gözüküçük, Ramazan
Tüberküloz(TB) teşhis edilmesi, tedavisi ve önlenmesi zor bir hastalıktır. Dünya üzerinde yaşayan herkes tüberküloza yakalanabilir ancak bazı grupların tüberküloz riski daha fazladır. Klinisyenler, özellikle TB için daha yüksek risk altındaki popülasyonlara hizmet verenler, TB’nin tanınması ve erken tedavisi ile ortadan kaldırılmasında kritik bir role sahiptir.
The usefulness of hemogram parameters in the differential diagnosis of patients with abdominal pain who are being treated for acute appendicitis
(Effect Publishing Agency, 2023) Gözüküçük, Ramazan; Gözüküçük, Ali
Acute appendicitis (AA) is among the most common immediate surgical operations in children for all age groups. To determine whether complete blood count (CBC) criteria may be used to help physicians differentiate between AA and other causes of abdominal pain in patients who visit the emergency room. The data of 116 patients with abdominal pain who were brought into the emergency room and hospitalized between January 20 and December 21 were analyzed retrospectively. The CBC parameters of 53 patients diagnosed with AA (Group 1) and 63 patients who received non-AA medical treatment (Group 2) were compared. In addition, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were performed to determine the sensitivity and specificity of these parameters at the optimum cutoff values.The M/F ratio of the patients was 36/17 in Group 1 and 40/23 in Group 2. White blood cell (WBC), neutrophil and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) values were noticeably higher in AA patients than in patients receiving medical treatment (p<001). According to the 9.84 cutoff value of WBC, the sensitivity value was 84.1%, and the specificity was 73.6, for neutrophils, the sensitivity was 87.3% and the specificity was 62.3% (4.81 cutoffs), while 2.19 NLR showed a sensitivity of 74.6% and specificity of 56.6%, with a cutoff value of 2.19.We believe that the values of CBC parameters such as WBC, neutrophil and NLR should still be considered when treating various patient groups and making a differential diagnosis.
The relationship between CMV reactivation, anti-cytokine treatment and mortality in critical COVID-19 patients
(2023) Gözüküçük, Ramazan; Kılıç, Hasan Hüseyin
Objective: To examine the use of anti-cytokine treatment in critical COVID-19 patients and their association with the frequency of CMV cases, viral load level, and mortality in these patients. Methods: This is a retrospective study. A total of 170 critical and/or intensive care patients with COVID-19 admitted to Hisar Hospital Intercontinental from March 15, 2020, to December 31, 2021 were divided into the use of anti-cytokine treatment group and the no anti-cytokine treatment group. Furthermore, the relationship between CMV reactivation, mortality and anti-cytokine treatment in patients was also examined. Results: A total of 170 critical COVID-19 patients were included in the study, three of them were excluded. One hundred sixty seven were included in the study of which 38 (22.7%) were found to be CMV DNA positive. As an anti-cytokine treatment, it was observed that tocilizumab was used in 53 patients, anakinra was used in 27 patients, and no anti-cytokine treatment was used in 77 patients. CMV positivity in patients treated with anti-cytokines (31.11%) was found to be significantly higher than in patients who were not treated with it (16.88%) (p:0.033). Furthermore, it was determined that anti-cytokine treatment significantly decreased mortality (p: 0.003) and that there was no significant relationship between CMV reactivation and mortality (p: 0.399). Conclusion: Even though CMV reactivation was high in critical COVID-19 patients who received anti-cytokine treatment, decrease in mortality were observed with early diagnosis and effective treatment. Therefore, CMV infection should be considered in patients receiving immunosuppressive treatment.Clinical Trial Registration: HisarIH-101/NCT05419206.
Effectiveness of surface polishing after debonding of metal brackets from different CAD-CAM materials
(Springer Medizin Verlag GmbH, 2023) Öz, Aslihan Zeynep; Öz, Abdullah Alper; Ural, Çagrı; Kaleli, Necati; Duran, İbrahim
Purpose: The purposes of this study were to compare and evaluate the surface texture of different restorative computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) materials before bonding and after debonding of metal orthodontic brackets. Materials and methods: A total of 60 rectangular ceramic test specimens (n = 20 in each group) were prepared using feldspathic ceramic blocks (FLD; served as control), hybrid ceramic blocks (HC), and lithium disilicate ceramic blocks (LDC). Surface roughness (Ra) analysis was conducted using a profilometer before bonding the metal brackets. After the debonding and polishing procedures, a second surface roughness analysis was conducted on each specimen. The shear bond strength (SBS) test was applied to each specimen using a universal test machine for debonding the metal brackets. The debonded specimens were examined under a stereomicroscope and scored using a 4-step adhesive remnant index (ARI). The Ra and SBS values and the ARI scores were saved, and the data were analyzed statistically at a significance level of 0.05. One specimen from each group was examined under atomic force microscopy to visualize surface roughness. Furthermore, one specimen from each group was additionally prepared for scanning electron microscopy analysis. Results: Statistically significant differences in SBS measurements were observed between all three groups. The highest SBS values were obtained from the FLD group, the lowest from the LDC group. The HC group showed significantly (P = 0.001) lower Ra values than the LDC and FLD groups after debonding and polishing. No significant differences were observed in the ARI scores between the groups. Conclusions: Hybrid ceramics could be a suitable alternative for fixed restorations in adult patients receiving subsequent treatments with fixed orthodontic appliances.
Changes in color stability and surface roughness of teflon-coated arch wires after clinical use
(Turkish Orthodontic Society, 2022) Kula, Betül; Yılmaz, Berza; Karaaslan, Elif
Objective: Peeling of polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon)-coated esthetic arch wires results in rough surfaces that may cause plaque accumulation, and the exposed core material may not meet the esthetic expectations of patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in-vivo surface roughness, Streptococcus mutans colonization, and color stability of Teflon-coated arch wires from 3 different manufacturers. Methods: Surface roughness and color data of 0.016-inch and 0.016 × 0.022-inch Teflon-coated arch wires from 3 different manufacturers were recorded as they were received (T0) and after 28 days of clinical exposure (retrieved) (T1) using an atomic force microscope and a spectrophotometer. The amount of S. mutans was assessed in terms of colony-forming units on the as-received and retrieved wires. Results: The surface roughness increased significantly, and a clinically noticeable color change was observed in all groups after clinical use (P < .005). There was no statistically significant difference in the amount of S. mutans adhesion for most of the wires. No significant correlation was found between the amount of S. mutans adhesion and the surface roughness. Conclusion: All the arch wires showed increased surface roughness and clinically noticeable color change. The surface roughness values were not found to be correlated with the amount of S. mutans adhesion.
İntravezikal BCG uygulaması sonrası oluşan miliyer akciğer tüberkülozu vakası
(KLIMIK-Türk Klinik Mikrobiyoloji ve İnfeksiyon Hastalıkları Derneği, 2023) Gözüküçük, Ramazan; Çakıroğlu, Basri
Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) aşısının intravezikal uygulaması yüzeysel mesane kanseri tedavisinde etkilidir. Hastalara canlı tüberküloz basili verildiği için pnömoni, sepsis ve hatta ölüm gibi ciddi yan etkiler görülebilmektedir. Akciğer tutulumu, hastaların %1'inden daha azında görülür ve en yaygın olarak interstisyel pnömoni veya miliyer tüberküloz (TB) olarak ortaya çıkar. Miliyer TB'nin teşhis edilmesi zordur ve çoğu vakada Mycobacterium bovis izole edilmediğinden genellikle yüksek klinik şüpheye dayanır. Tedavide, anti-tüberküloz ilaçlar ve kortikosteroidlerin kombinasyonu önerilmektedir. Bu vakada, yüzeyel mesane kanseri tanısı alan ve BCG'nin mesaneye instilasyonu sonrası çok nadir bir komplikasyon olan, miliyer tüberküloz olgusu sunulmaktadır.
Does the variant positivity and negativity affect the clinical course in COVID-19?: a cohort study
(Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2023) Yıldırım, Erkan; Kılıçkan, Levent; Aksoy, Süleyman Hilmi; Gözüküçük, Ramazan; Kılıç, Hasan Hüseyin; Tomak, Yakup; Dalkılıç, Orhan; Tanboğa, İbrahim Halil; Kılıçkan, Fevzi Duhan Berkan
The primary aim of the current study is to analyze the clinical, laboratory, and demographic data comparing the patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) admitted to our intensive care unit before and after the UK variant was first diagnosed in December 2020. The secondary objective was to describe a treatment approach for COVID-19. Between Mar 12, 2020, and Jun 22, 2021, 159 patients with COVID-19 were allocated into 2 groups: the variant negative group (77 patients before December 2020) and the variant positive group (82 patients after December 2020). The statistical analyses included early and late complications, demographic data, symptoms, comorbidities, intubation and mortality rates, and treatment options. Regarding early complications, unilateral pneumonia was more common in the variant (-) group (P = .019), whereas bilateral pneumonia was more common in the variant (+) group (P < .001). Regarding late complications, only cytomegalovirus pneumonia was observed more frequently in the variant (-) group (P = .023), whereas secondary gram (+) infection, pulmonary fibrosis (P = .048), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (P = .017), and septic shock (P = .051) were more common in the variant (+) group. The therapeutic approach showed significant differences in the second group such as plasma exchange and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation which is more commonly used in the variant (+) group. Although mortality and intubation rates did not differ between the groups, severe challenging early and late complications were observed mainly in the variant (+) group, necessitating invasive treatment options. We hope that our data from the pandemic will shed light on this field. Regarding the COVID-19 pandemic, it is clear that there is much to be done to deal with future pandemics.
HIV case diagnosed after staff injury
(Bidge Publications, 2022) Gözüküçük, Ramazan
Hiv Case Diagnosed After Staff Injury Healthcare workers are at risk of being infected with blood-borne diseases as a result of occupational contact. Needle-stick and sharp injuries pose a significant health risk, especially in terms of blood-borne infections. Today, the number of cases infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is increasing. In this article, an unusual case of a patient who could not be diagnosed in routine processes, after his nurse was injured by a needlestick-sharp object, was diagnosed with HIV and had the opportunity for early treatment, will be presented.
Göz, kulak, ağız fizyolojisine bakış
(Güneş Tıp Kitabevleri, 2022) Gürler, Esra Bihter
Tıp ve farmakolojide yeni gereksinimler, bu gereksinimlere yönelik buluşlar ve klinik araştırmalarla birlikte ilaçlarla ilgili bilgiler dinamik bir süreçle artmakta ve değişmektedir. İlaç hatalarının insidansı hâlâ yüksektir ve beraberinde ölüme ya da artan sağlık maliyetlerine yol açmaktadır. İlaçla ilgili problemlerin önlenmesi ve azaltılması için, lisans eğitiminde akılcı ilaç kullanımı becerisinin edinilmesine önem verilmesi, sağlık çalışanlarının ilaçlarla ilgili eğitimlerinin lisans sonrasında da sürdürülmesi ve meslek içi eğitimlerle güncellenmesi önem arz etmektedir. Diğer yandan çok kompleks olan farmakoloji bilgilerinin kavranabilmesi ve ilaçların geliştirilirken hedef olan fizyolojik/ patolojik mekanizmaların anlaşılması, prototip ilaçların etki, istenmeyen etki ve etkileşimlerinin bir kısmının öngörülmesinde katkıda bulunacaktır. Bu nedenle, diğer farmakoloji kitaplarından farklı olarak, hasta odaklı yaklaşıma yönelik gerçek olgu örneklerine ve her bölüm başında gerekli olan özet fizyoloji bilgisine yer verilmiştir.
The hybridization effects of glass and carbon fibers on the mechanical properties of kenaf mat/epoxy composites
(Taylor & Francis Online, 2022) Malik, Khurshid; Ahmad, Faiz; Yunus, Nurul Azhani; Günister, Ebru; Shaik Dawood, MSI; Ali, Saad; Mani, Catherine Sheila; Syahir, Muhammad; Larry, Anselm Leon
Kenaf mat/epoxy composite possesses low mechanical properties. The investigation examined the hybridization impact on the mechanical performance of kenaf mat/carbon/epoxy and kenaf mat/glass/epoxy hybrid composites. Pure and hybrid composites were fabricated using the vacuum-assisted resin infusion method. Density, tensile, flexural, interlaminar shear, and fracture toughness (Mode II) properties were tested according to the ASTM standards. The results showed that density increased around 10% for kenaf mat/carbon/epoxy hybrid and 29% for kenaf mat/glass/epoxy hybrid compared to pure kenaf mat/epoxy composites. Kenaf mat/carbon/epoxy hybrid composites displayed approximately 529%, 497%, 512%, 1055%, 272%, and 443% improvement in the tensile strength, tensile modulus, flexural strength, flexural modulus, interlaminar shear strength (ILSS), and fracture toughness, respectively, compared to the pure kenaf mat/epoxy composite. Kenaf mat/glass/epoxy hybrid composites displayed approximately 467%, 275%, 405%, 413%, 232%, and 366% improvement in the tensile strength, tensile modulus, flexural strength, flexural modulus, ILSS, and fracture toughness, respectively, compared to the pure kenaf mat/epoxy composite. Although the carbon fiber volume fraction was the lowest (17.23%) in hybrid kenaf mat/carbon/epoxy composites compared to glass fiber (24.83%) in hybrid kenaf mat/glass/epoxy composites, the tensile, flexural, and interlaminar shear performance was higher in hybrid kenaf mat/carbon/epoxy composites than hybrid kenaf mat/glass/epoxy composites.
The effects of drilling parameters on thrust force, temperature and hole quality of glass fiber reinforced polymer composites
(Sage Journals, 2022) Malik, Khurshid; Ahmad, Faiz; Tze Keong, Woo; Günister, Ebru
This paper presents an investigation of the drilling performance of glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) composite based on the thrust force, temperature, and delamination factor (at entry and exit of the hole). High-speed steel (HSS), solid carbide (SC), and solid carbide Balinit® Helica coated (SCBH) twist tools were used for the drilling process. Other drilling parameters were high spindle speeds (12,000, 15,000, and 18,000 rpm), feed rate (300, 500, and 700 mm/min), and laminate thickness (3, 5, and 7 mm). ANOVA and response surface methodology were developed to examine the drilling process based on input and output parameters. Results showed that delamination was observed in the form of matrix debonding, uncut fibers, and fiber pull-out. The best drilling performance was achieved by the SC and SCBH tool at a low feed rate (300 rpm) and high speed (18,000 rpm), and high laminate thickness (7 mm).
Urachal actinomycosis presenting with recurrent urinary tract infections in a middle-aged woman: a rare case report
(NLM (Medline), 2022) Çakıroğlu, Basri; Kaya, Cevdet; Aksoy, Süleyman Hilmi; Gözüküçük, Ramazan; Ateş, Lora
The urachal cyst, a remnant of allantois sac during embryogenesis, is a rare condition in adulthood. Urachus is an embryologic remnant degenerating after birth. Abberrant obliteration of the urachus causes urachal abnormalities. The urachal cysts are almost always symptomatic when infected. The symptoms include fever, abdominal pain, tenderness, lower abdominal mass, nausea, vomiting, and dysuria. Ultrasonography, computerised tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging techniques may be insufficient for diagnosis. In most cases, staphylococcus species are isolated from cultures of urachal cysts. Other microorganisms such as Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecium, Klebsiella pneumonia, and rarely actinomyces may be isolated. Actinomyces, an anaerobic gram-positive filamentous bacterium, is a rare cause of granulomatous disease. In this case report, a 56-year woman with urachal cyst infection with actinomyces is discussed according to current knowledge.
A review of flax fiber reinforced thermoset polymer composites: structure and mechanical performance
(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2021) Malik, Khurshid; Ahmad, Faiz; Günister, Ebru; Nakato, Teruyuki; Mouri, Emiko; Muhammad, Masdi B.; Ali, Saad
Flax is a natural fiber that possesses excellent specific properties, low density, safe to handle, eco-friendly, and easily available. These make it exceedingly popular and a potential candidate to replace synthetic reinforcements in polymer composite applications. The thermoset polymer is used for structural application due to its excellent mechanical and interface bonding properties compared to the thermoplastic polymer. Flax-based thermoset polymer composites are becoming popular among researchers for advanced industrial applications. This article is intended to offer a review of the main results presented in the literature on flax fiber-based polymer composites, focusing the attention on the fiber structure, chemical arrangement, physical and mechanical properties. Then, the mechanical performance of pure and hybrid flax fiber reinforced epoxy or polyester composites is comprehensively analyzed.

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