Psikoloji Bölümü Koleksiyonu

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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12941/24

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From unmet childhood needs to parenting attitudes: breaking the cycle
(Taylor and Francis, 2025)
Objective: Rooted in Schema Therapy, this research posits that unmet physiological, social, and psychological needs during early life contribute to the development of enduring cognitive frameworks, termed early maladaptive schemas (EMS), which influence affect, behaviour, and cognition across the lifespan. Accordingly, the objective was to examine whether EMSs are systematically associated with specific parenting attitudes (PAs). Method: This correlational study employed a concurrent design. Participants included 246 volunteer parents of preschool-aged children residing in a cosmopolitan district of Istanbul. Data were collected online using validated measures of EMS and PA, along with additional items assessing potential confounding variables. Results: Correlational analyses revealed moderate positive associations between EMS and authoritarian parenting attitudes and moderate negative associations with democratic parenting attitudes. Hierarchical regression analyses showed that EMS accounted for over 20% of the variance in parenting attitudes, with socioeconomic status and education emerging as significant moderators. Discussion: EMSs significantly predict parenting attitudes, increasing authoritarian attitudes, and reducing democratic ones. Early identification of EMS, combined with schema-focused interventions and evidence-based parent education programs may help disrupt maladaptive parenting cycles and promote healthier parent–child dynamics.
Online learning self-efficacy beliefs predict subjective well-being of college students during COVID-19 pandemic
(Journal of Educational Technology and Online Learning, 2024) Güçlü, Merve; Draganović, Selvira
Online learning self-efficacy is associated with significant psychological outcomes among college students. Nevertheless, research investigating self-efficacy among college students during COVID-16 pandemic is limited. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of self-efficacy beliefs regarding online learning in predicting subjective well-being of college students. One hundred sixty-five college students were recruited for the study. Participants completed the Online Learning Self-Efficacy Scale (OLSES), the Subjective Well-Being Scale (SWBS), and a socio-demographic information form, which included items related to COVID-19 anxiety and the perceived impact of COVID-19 on daily life. Regression analyses showed that overall self-efficacy predicted subjective well-being scores. However, only the time management subdimension of self-efficacy significantly predicted subjective well-being. Our findings suggest that high levels of self-efficacy, particularly in time management, are associated with elevated levels of subjective well-being among college students. Interventions targeting self-efficacy in online learning environments may benefit college students with lower levels of subjective well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Kırılgan Narsisizm ile Kaçıngan Bağlanma Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi
(İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2025) Ramazanoğlu, Beril
Bu araştırmanın amacı kırılgan narsisizm ile bağlanma stilleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesidir. Kırılgan narsisizm depresiflik, aşırı alçak gönüllü tutumlar, eleştiri hassasiyeti ve diğerleri ile olan ilişkilerde büyüklenmeci beklentiler ille karakterizedir. Kırılgan narsisizmde içe dönüklük, yoğun sevgi arzusuna karşılık yakınlık korkusu, utanç eğilimli olumsuz duygular, reddedilmeye aşırı duyarlılık, kaçınganlık, ilişkilerde yoğun kaygı ve kendini saklama eğilimlerinin mevcut olmasından dolayı bağlanma stilleri ile ilişkili olduğu düşünülmektedir. Bu araştırma, 18 yaş ve üzeri 114 erkek, 180 kadın ve 1 diğer olmak üzere toplam 295 katılımcıya ulaşılmıştır. Çalışma, Google Formlar aracılığı ile oluşturulan form yardımı ile, Üç Boyutlu Bağlanma Stilleri Ölçeği ve kırılgan narsisizmi değerlendirmek için ise Kırılgan Narsisizm Ölçeği (KNÖ) ulaştırılıp, cevaplanması sonucu tamamlanmıştır. Formların değerlendirilmesi, Kırılgan Narsisizm ile Bağlanma Stilleri Arasındaki İlişkinin tespiti için One-Way ANOVA (Welch's) testi, Kırılgan Narsisizm ile Bağlanma Türlerinin tespitinde tanımlayıcı istatistik kullanılmıştır. Bağlanma Stilleri Arasındaki İlişkinin Post-Hoc Analizi Games-Howell Post-Hoc Test ile yapılmıştır. Araştırmaya katılım gösteren bireylerin kırılgan narsisizm soru bazında puanları (3.52), ve total puan olarak ortalama (28,2) puan olarak tespit edilmiştir. Araştırmaya katılan bireylerin Bağlanma stilleri değerlendirildiğinde %62,7 si güvenli, %8,8’i kaçıngan ve %19.3 kaygılı bağlanma stillerine uygun olduğu görülmüştür. Kırılgan narsisizm ile bağlanma stilleri arasında yüksek düzeyde ilişki (p<0.001) tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, kırılgan narsisistik özelliğinin bağlanma stilleri ile yüksek ilişki içerisinde olduğu tespit edilmiştir. - The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between vulnerable narcissism and attachment styles. Vulnerable narcissism is characterized by depressive tendencies, excessively humble attitudes, sensitivity to criticism, and grandiose expectations in relationships with others. Because vulnerable narcissism exhibits introversion, intense desire for love versus fear of intimacy, shame-prone negative emotions, hypersensitivity to rejection, avoidance, intense anxiety in relationships, and a tendency toward self-concealment, it is thought to be related to attachment styles. A total of 295 participants, 114 male, 180 female, and 1 other, aged 18 and older, participated in this study. The study was completed by submitting and completing the Three-Dimensional Attachment Styles Scale (THS) and the Vulnerable Narcissism Scale (VNS) to assess vulnerable narcissism using forms created via Google Forms. To evaluate the forms, One-Way ANOVA (Welch's) was used to determine the relationship between fragile narcissism and attachment styles, while descriptive statistics were used to determine fragile narcissism and attachment types. Post-Hoc analysis of the relationship between attachment styles was conducted using the Games-Howell post-hoc test. Individuals participating in the study scored 3.52 on each question for fragile narcissism, and the average total score was 28.2. When the attachment styles of the individuals participating in the study were evaluated, it was found that 62.7% were secure, 8.8% were avoidant, and 19.3% were anxious. A high correlation (p<0.001) was found between fragile narcissism and attachment styles. Consequently, the fragile narcissistic trait was found to be highly correlated with attachment styles.
Mental Health in a Digital World: How Problematic Cell Phone Use and Personality Predict Fear of Missing Out (FoMO) in Gen Z University Students from Türkiye and the U.S.
(YERKURE TANITIM & YAYINCILIK HIZMETLERI A.S, 2025) Yüksel,Peri; Huiqiao, Hou
Objective: The authors sought to examine the association between Fear of Missing Out (FoMO), mental health, personality traits, and social media use among Turkish and U.S. university students, belonging to Generation Z (Gen Z), born between 1997 and 2012, a cohort deeply immersed in technology and social media from an early age. Methods: The present online survey study included 637 university students aged 18-25 (20.09% male, 78.65% female, 1.26% other) from T & uuml;rkiye (86.03%) and the US (14.97%). Participants completed 19 sociodemographic questions, a 17-item FoMO Scale, and a 44-item Personality Inventory. The study analyzed the relationship between FoMO, mental health, personality traits, and social media use across different platforms. Results: Findings revealed that frequent cell phone use and higher FoMO scores were significantly associated with problematic social media use. TikTok users reported higher FoMO compared to non-users. Additionally, there was a positive correlation between the number of social media platforms used and FoMO. Social media use driven by boredom and passive observation further increased FoMO. Associations between FoMO and personality traits highlighted the role of individual differences in social media behaviors. Conclusion: The study highlights the need for tailored interventions that address both social media usage patterns and personality traits to reduce the negative impact of FoMO on mental health. While Gen Z are digital natives, they need to become digital experts to navigate the mental health challenges exacerbated by curated content and the prevalence of FoMO on social media. Universities play a crucial role in raising awareness and supporting students in managing these psychological pressures by promoting balanced digital behaviors. A deeper understanding of the interplay between digital behaviors, personality traits, and cultural contexts can inform future interventions aimed at reducing FoMO and enhancing the well-being of young people in an increasingly interconnected world.
Neuropsychiatry of psychological resilience: An overview
(Istanbul Medipol University, 2025) Eroğlu, İpek; Macit, Çağlar; Gezgin, Ulaş Başar; Omurtağ, Gülden Zehra; Himmetoğlu, Asena
Psychological resilience is the operational software of competencies that enables us to cope positively with life’s drawbacks. As with all competencies and associated skills, the level of psychological resilience may vary among in-dividuals. This research addresses the neuropsychiatric dimension of psychological resilience and discusses its potential applications in improving public health and pharmacy practices. To conduct a modeling study to identify, di-agnose and disseminate to the society the individual characteristics that con-stitute the building blocks of a resilient society that will cope with pandemics, climate change, wars, waves of migration, inability to meet the basic needs of the increasing population and infrastructure problems, global economic crisis, technological challenges, digital transformation pressure, disruptive changes, and the VUCA (volatility, uncertainty, complexity, ambiguity) world environ-ment, led us to a detailed literature review. Neuropsychiatry of psychological resilience is exemplified by recent global developments, biological underpinnings, genetic variations, clinical perspectives, and developmental aspects.
Investigation of the Cross-Norm Inhibition Effect Through Theoretical Links and Hypothetical Examples
(Routledge, 2025) Kaya Cicerali, Lütfiye
The Cross-Norm Inhibition Effect (CNIE) offers an alternative approach to shaping behavior, maintaining order, and preventing crime by recognizing the interconnected nature of social norms. This article explores CNIE’s theoretical foundations and demonstrates its potential impact at different social levels through hypothetical examples. Practical guidance is provided for applying CNIE within families, organizations, and communities. As the most comprehensive international study of CNIE to date, it shows how strategic interventions can trigger a domino effect that promotes positive behaviors. CNIE could become a valuable tool for governments, families, and businesses in building a safer, more harmonious society.
Touching the Loss and Creating a New Sense of Being in Clay Field Therapy: A Longitudinal Phenomenological Research
(Halil Eksi, 2025) Başoğlu Yavuz, Saba
Clay Field Therapy is a trauma-informed Sensorimotor Art Therapy rooted in haptic perception. It emphasizes the tactile relationship between the individual’s hands and materials, providing a non-verbal avenue for deep therapeutic processing. The combination of three fundamental materials creates Clay Field: a rectangular wooden box filled with smooth clay and warm water. This longitudinal phenomenological study aims to examine the experiences of individuals undergoing Clay Field Therapy to process complex grief. The participant group consists of four women, aged between 30 and 45, who sought Clay Field Therapy due to their unique experiences of loss and grief. Data was collected through participant-led, in-depth, process-oriented, and semi-structured interviews conducted after the first and twelfth Clay Field sessions of each participant. Longitudinal Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis was employed to explore in detail how participants attributed meaning to their experiences, changes, and transformations during Clay Field Therapy. Four superordinate themes emerged from the analysis of data: beyond words, from nothingness towards existence, from tangible experiences towards a transformative spiritual experience, and a comprehensive sense of being. Clay Field Therapy facilitates not only the resolution of the grief process but also enables profound existential work and spiritual growth. This process, in which individuals reconstruct the meaning of life through their tactile encounters in the Clay Field, has been conceptualized as “Embodied Reflection.”
Online cognitive behavioral stress management program for breast cancer patients
(Nobel Ilac, 2024) Savaş, Esra; Keleş, Merve; Tin, Özlem
Objective: Breast cancer is a challenging process that affects the diagnosed people and their social environment psychologically, physiologically, socially, and economically. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of the Online Cognitive Behavioral Stress Management (CBSM) for Cancer program, which is structured for people diagnosed with cancer to develop coping methods that will enable them to cope with the stress they experience healthily and actively. The research question is whether attending the CBSM program is effective for the psychological well-being of breast cancer patients or not. Material and Method: The study was completed with a total of 35 people, 17 in the experimental group and 18 in the control group. The pretest-posttest results of the experimental and control groups were analyzed. The independent sample t-test was used in the comparison of the two groups of experimental and control groups. Paired sample t-test was used to compare the pretest-posttest scores of each group. Results: There was a significant difference observed between the experimental and control groups in the post-test measurements in terms of psychosocial adjustment to illness, assessment of coping attitudes, depression, hope, state, and trait anxiety (p<0.001). There was no significant difference in the pre-test and post-test scores of the experimental and control groups in terms of mental adjustment to cancer. Conclusion: The CBSM program for breast cancer patients is effective in coping with daily and illness-related stress by increasing psychological well-being: increased psychosocial adjustment, adaptation and decreased depression, and anxiety. © 2024, Nobelmedicus. All rights reserved.
Anterior Bölge Restorasyonların Endikasyonları ve Uyulması Gereken Estetik Kurallar
(2023) Sarıalioğlu Güngör, Ayca
Estetik bir gülüş, dişlerin boyut, şekil, konum ve renklerinin birbirlerine ve onları çevreleyen unsurlara göre orantılı ve uyumlu olduğu bir gülüş olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Hastanın dişeti, dudakları ve yüz hatları ile uyumlu, estetik açıdan tatmin edici restorasyonlar oluşturmak, estetik diş hekimliğinde en önemli unsurlardan biridir. Son yıllarda hastaların farkındalık seviyelerinin artmasına bağlı olarak mekanik olarak işlevsel ve estetik açıdan mükemmel restorasyonların talep edilmesi de artmaktadır. Tedavi sürecinde klinisyen, kişisel beklentilerin, gülüş algısının ve güzelliğin bireysel çeşitlilik gösterebileceğini göz önünde bulundurmalıdır. Ayrıca hastanın okluzyonu ve anatomik varyasyonları nihai sonuçları etkileyebilmektedir. Bu nedenle, hastanın dişleri, dudakları ve yüzü ile uyumlu, estetik açıdan hoş restorasyonlar oluşturmak için klinisyen bazı geometrik noktaları ve özel referansları kullanmalıdır. Anterior bölge restorasyonlarının tasarımında bu özel kuralların hastada uygulanması hoş, estetik ve doğal bir final görünüm yaratacaktır. Bu derlemenin amacı diş hekimliğinde yaygın olarak kullanılan bazı estetik kuralları değerlendirmek ve bunların uygulanmasının geçerliliğini tartışmaktır.
Koruyucu ve Toplum Temelli Psikiyatri Uygulamalarında Psikoloğun Rolü
(2022) Aksoy, Şennur Günay
Günümüzde evrensel boyutta ruhsal bozukluklar önemli oranda yeti yitimine neden olmaktadır. Ruh sağlığı hizmetlerinin iyileştirilmesi salt tıbbi tedavi ve hastane temelli rehabilitasyon dışında koruyucu ve önleyici ruh sağlığı hizmetlerinin sunulmasını ve bireylerin psikosoyal alanda yaşadıkları sorunlara dokunan bir modelde ele alınmasını gerektirir. Toplum temelli ruh sağlığı çalışmalarının öncelikli amacı ağır ruh sağlığı sorunları olan bireylerin; hastaneye yatırılmalarını önlemek, yeti yitimlerini en az seviyeye indirgemek, yitirilen işlevlerin yeniden kazandırılmasını veya iyileştirilmesini sağlamaktır. Toplum temelli ruh sağlığı hizmetlerinin bir diğer yönü ruh sağlığı açısından risk taşıyan bireyleri ve aile üyelerini tespit ederek koruycu ruh sağlığı hizmetlerinin sağlanmasıdır. Toplum ruh sağlığı merkezlerinde çalışan psikologlar psikoeğitim, psikometri incelemeler, özgün ruh sağlığı gruplarını hedefleyen grup psikoterapilerinin düzenlenmesi, sorun ve stresle baş etme becerilerinin artırılması etiketleme ile mücadele ve aile eğitimleri konusunda etkin olarak görev alırlar.
From Convenience to Consequences: Unraveling FOMO in the Lives of Gen Z College Students from Türkiye and the USA
(2024) Yüksel, Peri; Günay Aksoy, Şennur
This IRB-approved study examined the Fear of Missing Out (FoMO) phenomenon among Generation Z (Gen Z) college students in Türkiye and the USA (N=637 aged 18-25; 20.09% male, 78.65% female, 1.26% other). A bilingual English-Turkish Qualtrics survey was distributed through online platforms at urban universities in both countries measuring questions selfreported online and offline behaviors, clinical diagnoses and a 17-item FoMO Scale. Results suggest that FoMO is a universal phenomenon on campus across cultures, associated with mental disorders and increased usage of various social media platforms, R 2=.083, F(3, 633)=19.00 p< .001. Also, problematic social media usage (i.e., passive online engagement, observing others' posts) was associated with FoMO, ?p2 =.056, F(1,636)=37.41, p< .001.This comparative study offers valuable cross-cultural insights on mental health and social media, yet its moderate sample size and reliance on self-reports, limits the establishment of causation. Future research should explore the developmental impact of popular media platform usage and develop diagnostic strategies to mitigate FoMO among Gen Z students, ultimately enhancing their well-being and productivity as they transition into society. Moreso, this study underscores the role of stakeholders in assisting Gen Z students in regulating their online and offline behaviors to improve their overall well-being.
Optimism in Positive Psychology
(2024) Gezgin, Ulaş Başar; Hasan Hüseyin, Öztürk
Optimism is one of the most important concepts in positive psychology. The benefits of being an optimist seem to outweigh the disadvantages by far. Most of the research supports this idea, and this is also how the general public thinks. By being an optimist, we expect good things to happen in the future, and we believe we can achieve our goals. On the contrary, if we are a pessimist, we tend to believe that things will not go our way. Consequently, we will have less motivation to act. In this article, we take a closer look at optimism in positive psychology, which is the kind of psychology that approaches the human psyche not from the aspect of psychopathology, but human thriving. Optimism is not as simple as it sometimes may sound. In this article, we examine its strong impact on well-being, life satisfaction, and even perceived pain management. But since optimism is not without any disadvantages, we also examined how some types of optimism, such as being too optimistic, can be not that good. Likewise, we talked about how some types of pessimism such as defensive pessimism can be beneficial in some cases. The most important point we find is that, the context is crucial when it comes to what kind of psychological attitude we should take, in terms of optimism or pessimism
Psychopathological Analysis of Adolescent Girls With Autoimmune Thyroiditis
(Springernature, 2023) Aydın, Engin; Aydın, Dilek Bingöl; Bulut, Gresa Çarkaxhiu; İşgüven, Şükriye Pınar
Aim: Clinical studies indicate that there is an association between high levels of thyroid autoantibodies and psychiatric disorders, independent of impairment of thyroid function. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the association between thyroid autoimmunity and mood disorders in euthyroid girls with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) in a case-control study.Material and methods: We recruited 82 participants: 41 pubertal female patients with thyroiditis from endocrine outpatient clinics and a control group of 41 healthy pubertal girls from the University Hospital. Age ranged from 12 to 18 years; the diagnosis of HT was based on high levels of anti-TPO and/or anti-Tg antibodies associated with a hypoechogenic or normal thyroid ultrasound pattern. Other comorbidities known to affect mental and physical health were exclusion factors. All participants underwent a complete thyroid evaluation, assays of serum-free T4, TSH, anti-TPO antibodies, anti-Tg antibodies, and thyroid ultrasonography. They were then referred to a child psychiatrist. A psychiatric diagnosis was made in two steps. First, the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) and Screen for Child Anxiety-Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED) tests were implemented according to the DSM-IV diagnostic criteria to be calculated. Second, the same psychiatrist conducted a K-SADS-PL semi-structured interview while unaware of the children's data.Results: There was no significant difference in CDI score between patients with and without HT (p = 0.47). Patients with HT had significantly higher SCARED scores than patients without HT (p < 0.05). In the SCARED test, the subcategories of separation anxiety and social anxiety were significantly higher in the HT group (p = 0.04 and p = 0.01, respectively). During the K-SADS interview by the attending child psychiatrist, psychopathology diagnoses were detected in 27 of 41 patients (66%) with HT and in 8 of 41 individuals (19.5%) in the control group. Psychopathology was significantly higher in the HT group (p < 0.01). The incidences of depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and social phobia were significantly higher in the HT group than in the control group (p < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the anti-TPO value was the most significant independent risk factor for the presence of depressive disorder (p < 0.01).Conclusion: This study described severe psychometric impairment in patients with euthyroid HT. We have demonstrated that autoimmune thyroid diseases, even in a euthyroid state, are associated with psychiatric disorders.
Hipokampal Alt Alan Hacimleri ve Afektif Hatırlama: Negatif, Nötr ve Pozitif Görüntülerle İlişkili Cinsiyet Farklılıkları
(21. Ulusal Sinirbilim Kongresi, 2023) Elen, Mehmet Akif; Kızıl, Alev
Hipokampal Alt Alan Hacimleri ve Afektif Hatırlama: Negatif, Nötr ve Pozitif Görüntülerle İlişkili Cinsiyet Farklılıkları Hippocampal Subfield Volumetry and Affective Memory Recall: Gender Differences Associated with Negative, Neutral and Positive Images
Forgiveness in Positive Psychology
(2024) Nunes, Luísa; Gezgin, Ulaş Başar
The focus of this work is forgiveness. To give a little framework and to contextualize the chosen topic we start this work by introducing positive psychology as the field that studies human potential and in this article the aims of this area were explained. Some definitions that researchers have found for forgiveness were analyzed, as well as some of the aspects that influence the process of forgiving such as temporal aspects (i.e. time elements), age, and culture. Some of the aspects that interventions should include such as psycho-education and the time that can be useful to think about the process of forgiving were described as well as some measures that can help evaluate the forgiveness process. To conclude although forgiveness is an area that has been studied, we believe that much more research could benefit knowledge about this vast topic.
The Effects of Social Media on Development of Adolescence
(IKSAD Publications, 2024) Özkan, Zeynep; Gezgin, Ulaş Başar
Social media network usage has increased noticeably during the Covid-19 period according to statistical research. Especially for adolescents between the ages of 13 and 17 who are in search of identity, and both are prone to social interaction and closed to communication, social media use has become more widespread than adults in this period. Young people's demand for social media has made examining the impact areas of social media on adolescents important for the health of the cognitive and emotional development of generations. According to research, social media channels have both negative and positive effects on adolescents in terms of mental health, academic life, and communication skills. There are particularly fundamental points that social media has negative effects on for adolescents such as triggering adolescents' tendency to compare themselves and so strengthening mental illnesses such as depression and anxiety, disrupting sleep routines and creating addiction, causing face-to-face communication skills to deteriorate, and facilitating bullying. Although social media has negative effects on the development of adolescents, there are undeniable advantages using social media for instance, it has wide range of platforms that teenagers can reflect their personalities and reaching wider circles, being able to work in groups in more practic and rapid ways and gaining support groups about the issues they feel lonely or insufficient.
Yapay zekâ aslında ilk hesap aleti abaküsten çıktı
(Ahmet Güven, 2023) Gezgin, Ulaş Başar
Yapay zekâ, son yıllarda hızla gelişen ve toplumu her yönden dönüştüren bir teknolojiler kümesidir. Yapay zekânın mevcut durumunu, yarattığı gerilimleri ve gelecekteki gelişimini anlamak için, felsefeden yararlanmak önemlidir. Felsefe, varlık, bilgi, değer ve ahlak gibi temel kavramları inceleyen bir disiplindir ve bu kavramlar, yapay zekânın doğası, bilgisi ve elbette etik boyutlarını yorumlamamıza yardımcı olabilir. Bu bilimsel soruşturma, yapay zekâ ve felsefeyi inceleyen dokuz akademisyenin görüşlerini bir araya getiriyor. Bu akademisyenler, felsefe, bilgisayar bilimi, yapay zekâ, etik ve iletişim gibi çeşitli disiplinlerden geliyorlar. Soruşturmada, yapay zekânın felsefi temelleri, toplumsal boyutları, etik sorunları ve geleceği hakkında farklı bakış açıları sunulmaktadır. Soruşturmanın amacı, yapay zekânın hem teorik hem de pratik yönlerini ele alarak, bu alanda yeni ufuklar açmak ve okuyucuları derinlemesine düşünmeye teşvik etmektir. Kesin olan şudur ki, yapay zekâ teknolojilerinin faydaları, riskleri ve geleceği hakkında bilinçli kararlar vermek için, felsefenin rehberliğine ihtiyacımız var.
Psychology of confession in forensic psychology
(ISARC, 2024) Öztürk, Hasan Hüseyin; Gezgin, Ulaş Başar
Confession is an important part of the criminal justice system, and it’s an important topic in forensic psychology. Much through history, the overlook on confession has been pretty narrow. If someone confessed to a crime, it was the end of it. They were guilty. However, with the development of forensic psychology, we are now aware of many different types of confessions, including false ones. What does this say about our legal system and what can we do about it? In this article, we examined different kinds of confessions, and why they happen. We talked about the implications for the current legal system, and finally, we made our own suggestions about what can be done to improve the legal system with an understanding of the psychology of confession. Additionally, we examined and compared two interrogation methods, one named the Reid technique which was developed in the 1950s, and the other one named the PEACE method developed in the 90s. We also talked about the global usage of these methods. Finally, we concluded that educating the police and the officials in the legal system is very important because currently, the findings and knowledge about the psychology of confession are not sufficiently applied in real-life situations.
Health belief model
(ISARC, 2024) Öztürk, Hasan Hüseyin; Gezgin, Ulaş Başar
In this article, we explained the health belief model (HBM) in detail. We also talked about its origins and related theories. In short, HBM is a model arguing that people’s belief about their health can predict their health-related behaviors. Being one of the most widely accepted models in the field, it is used in many areas. But it’s not without downsides. Many researchers find HBM is not good enough in predicting health behavior and they believe that this model has a lot to improve. Therefore, we also examined possible additions to HBM variables. The standard variables are perceived susceptibility, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, and perceived severity. And one of the most important additions is self-efficacy and health motivation. Additionally, we talked about HBM in Turkey. We examined a few studies to get a grasp of the current situation of the model in the country. One study in Turkey finds that although the perceived benefits of mammography are higher than perceived barriers, women in rural areas did not undergo mammography at optimal rates. In conclusion, we think that the HBM model is indeed useful, but may also need a lot of improvement, particularly in the sociopsychological aspect. As an example, we examined a study regarding smoking cessation in relation to the HBM model.
Psikoloji ve yapay zekâ etiği
(İstanbul Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi, 2023) Cesur, Sevim; Karasu, Mehmet
Yapay zekâ, hızla psikolojiye etki etmektedir. Yapay zekâya aşırı güven olarak nitelenen yapay zekâ fetişizmi ve tersine güvensizlik, yapay zekâ-insan ilişkisinde önem kazanmaktadır. Sohbet robotları (chatbot) özellikle bilişsel davranışçı ve insancıl terapistleri taklit etmekte ve yapılan çalışmalarda olumlu etkiler bıraktıkları gözlemlenmektedir. Öte yandan, yapay zekâ, etik davranıştan bağımsız değildir. Yapay zekânın psikolojide kullanımı birçok etik sorun doğurmaktadır. Bunların başında kişisel gizlilik sorunu gelmektedir. Öte yandan, terapiye erişimdeki toplumsal eşitsizliği kırmada, sohbet robotlarının etkili olması beklenmektedir. Kolay erişilebilirlik ve düşük maliyet, sohbet robotlarının olumlu özellikleri olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Sohbet robotları da insan terapistler gibi birtakım ahlaki ikilemler yaşarlar: Örneğin, bir sohbet robotu, danışan tarafından açıklanan bir suçu, ikili ilişki dışına taşımalı mıdır? Sohbet robotunun iki tepkisi de zarar verici olacaksa, sohbet robotu hasarı daha az olan seçeneği nasıl seçecektir? Ayrıca yapay zekâ, doğru verilerle eğitilmemişse ön yargılı olabilmektedir. Örneğin, daha önceki veriler ırkçı olduğu için Siyahları suçlu bulan yapay hukuk programları, ölümcül derecede yanıltıcı olabilmektedir. Aynısını yapay zekâ psikolojisi için de düşünebiliriz. Diğer ilgili kavramlar, algoritma şeffaflığı ile hesap verebilirlik ve bunların bir sonucu olan açıklanabilir yapay zekâ ve sorumlu yapay zekâ olmaktadır. Bu çalışma, henüz çok az çalışılan bir alandaki bir tartışma metnidir. Psikoloji bağlamında yapay zekâ etiği, adillik, güven, hesap verirlik, yinelenebilirlik; aydınlatılmış onam; yanlılık, güvenlik, şeffaflık, danışan gizliliği, kötüye kullanılma olasılığı gibi kavramları kapsamaktadır.

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