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Öğe Online cognitive behavioral stress management program for breast cancer patients(Nobel Ilac, 2024) Savaş, Esra; Keleş, Merve; Tin, ÖzlemObjective: Breast cancer is a challenging process that affects the diagnosed people and their social environment psychologically, physiologically, socially, and economically. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of the Online Cognitive Behavioral Stress Management (CBSM) for Cancer program, which is structured for people diagnosed with cancer to develop coping methods that will enable them to cope with the stress they experience healthily and actively. The research question is whether attending the CBSM program is effective for the psychological well-being of breast cancer patients or not. Material and Method: The study was completed with a total of 35 people, 17 in the experimental group and 18 in the control group. The pretest-posttest results of the experimental and control groups were analyzed. The independent sample t-test was used in the comparison of the two groups of experimental and control groups. Paired sample t-test was used to compare the pretest-posttest scores of each group. Results: There was a significant difference observed between the experimental and control groups in the post-test measurements in terms of psychosocial adjustment to illness, assessment of coping attitudes, depression, hope, state, and trait anxiety (p<0.001). There was no significant difference in the pre-test and post-test scores of the experimental and control groups in terms of mental adjustment to cancer. Conclusion: The CBSM program for breast cancer patients is effective in coping with daily and illness-related stress by increasing psychological well-being: increased psychosocial adjustment, adaptation and decreased depression, and anxiety. © 2024, Nobelmedicus. All rights reserved.Öğe Determining the attitudes of university and high school students towards sports by structural equation modelling(Sielae & Univ Coruna, Fac Filologia, 2024) Yücel, Ali Serdar; Korkmaz, Murat; Hergüner, Gülten; Yaman, Çetin; Bal, Fatih; Kuyucu, Mihalis MichaelSport is considered as an important service sector with its protective features for personal and public health, and developed countries regard sport as an indispensable part of their social life. The main purpose of this study is to assess factors affecting views of high school and university students towards sports. Within the scope of the study, the sample of the study is composed of 8546 students chosen with random method throughout Turkey. 5-point Likert scale consisting of 19 questions was used in order to determine views of the participants towards sports within the framework of the research. For analysing data, frequency analysis, reliability analysis and explanatory factor analysis were used in order to determine attitudes of students towards sports while structural equation model analyses were used in order to determine the relationship among the said factors regarding views towards sports. According to significance values of test statistics, all measured questions were statistically found significant for social- psychological attitude factor and physical mental attitude factor. According to the result of the model, there is a same-oriented and statistically significant relationship between social- psychological attitudes of students and their physical-mental attitudes. According to this result, when the views of students tend to be positive socially-psychologically towards sports, their physical-mental attitudes also become positive in parallel with this change. In line with the acquired result, it is necessary to demonstrate positive effects of sports on individuals socially, psychologically, physically and mentally in order to enable students to become more inclined to sports.Öğe Attitudes of sport parents towards children's eating habits(Campus Educa Sportis S.L., 2024) Özpınar, Saliha; Yücel, Ali Serdar; Korkmaz, Murat; Hergüner, Gülten; Yaman, Çetin; Sevil, Ümran; Kuyucu, Michael MihalisToday, parents have assumed important roles in shaping their children's eating habits in social and daily life. Especially the tendency of parents who do sports to transfer their healthy lifestyles to their children has positive effects on children's eating habits. This study examines the attitudes of parents on this issue and the effects of these attitudes on children's eating habits. In line with the aim of the study, the attitudes of parents who do sports towards their children's eating habits were investigated. The rationale of the study is to focus on how parents' attitudes towards nutrition affect their children's eating habits and the contribution of these attitudes to children's general health and sports performance. The findings of the study show that parents' nutrition attitudes are critical for children to develop a healthy lifestyle. This study was conducted between 2023-2024 and 860 parents and their children participated in the study. The data obtained from the study were collected using a 5-point Likert-type scale form with validity and reliability and analysed with SPSS 22.0 software. Various statistical techniques such as descriptive statistics, reliability analysis, independent sample t-test, ANOVA, factor and regression analyses were used in the study. The findings obtained at the end of the research show that parents' nutritional attitudes have significant effects on children's eating habits. Parents' attitudes towards healthy eating and physical activity positively affect children's eating habits. Children of parents who do sports develop healthier eating habits, are more active and take part in physical activities. The study reveals that parents' nutritional attitudes contribute to children's general health and sports performance. © 2024, Campus EDUCA SPORTIS S.L.. All rights reserved.Öğe Three-year clinical performance of direct restorations using low-shrinkage Giomer vs. nano-hybrid resin composite(Frontiers Media SA, 2024) Toz-Akalın, Tugba; Öztürk-Bozkurt, Funda; Kusdemir, Mahmut; Özsoy, Alev; Yüzbaşıoğlu, Emir; Özcan, MutluThe objective of this investigation was to compare the clinical performance of a nano-hybrid resin composite and a low-shrinkage Giomer resin composite. Material and methods: In total, 35 pairs of restorations were performed using either low-shrinkage Giomer (Beautifil II LS, Shofu Inc.) or nano-hybrid (Clearfil Majesty Posterior) resin composite in 35 patients by two operators using the relevant adhesives, i.e., FL-Bond II (Shofu Inc.) and Clearfil SE Bond (Kuraray), with the self-etching technique according to each manufacturer's instructions. Two clinicians assessed the restorations 2 weeks (baseline); 6 months; and 1, 2, and 3 years after the restorative procedures using FDI (World Dental Federation) criteria (Scores 1–5). Data were analyzed using the marginal homogeneity and McNemar tests. The survival rate was calculated using Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and the survival of the two groups was compared with the log-rank test (p = 0.05). Results: The mean observation period was 37.7 ± 6.8 months. All restorations completed their 3-year follow-up. The criteria were mainly rated with high (1 or 2) scores for quality in both groups. Only one restoration in the low-shrinkage Giomer resin composite group was accepted as a failure at the 2-year recall due to retention loss. Conclusion: At the 3-year follow-up, the performance of the restorations using the Giomer and the nano-hybrid resin composite were similar and clinically acceptable. Clinical relevance: The low-shrinkage Giomer resin composite exhibited a similar clinical performance to the nano-hybrid resin composite after 3 years in service with both materials displaying minor surface deteriorations at the 3-year recall. Clinical Trial Registration: https://clinicaltrials.gov, identifier: NCT02823769.Öğe The İmportance of hematological parameters in the prognosis of patients with severe COVID-19, A single-center retrospective study(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2023) Gözüküçük, Ramazan; Kılıç, Hasan Hüseyin; Uyanık, Bekir Sami; Çakıroğlu, BasriBackground: Inflammation biomarkers known as acute phase reactants (APRs) show significant variations in serum concentrations during inflammation brought on by both viral and noninfectious diseases. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), the C-reactive protein (CRP), the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), the ferritin, the fibrinogen, the procalcitonin, the D-dimer, and the troponin I are all significant APRs. During inflammation, the serum levels of each of these positive APRs rise. The sensitivity and specificity of hematologic parameters and indices are as high as the inflammatory biomarkers mentioned above for monitoring disease severity and treatment response. Aim: We aimed to evaluate the differences in hematological parameters and indices, and to reveal their treatment and prognostic values, especially in deceased patients with COVID-19. Materials and Methods: The hemogram parameters of 169 critical patients with COVID-19 (125 males and 44 females) who received inpatient treatment at horizontal ellipsis . between 1 March 2020 and 31 December 2021 were analyzed retrospectively. The patients were divided into two groups-deceased (77) and surviving (92)-noting demographic data such as age and gender. All analyses were performed using SPSS 25.0. Results: Analyses of the hematological parameters used during the treatment processes revealed statistically significant differences between the two patient groups. White blood cell (WBC), neutrophil, and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) values were significantly higher (P = 0.019, P = 0.000 and P = 0.000, respectively) for deceased subjects, while lymphocyte, platelet and plateletcrit (PCT) values were significantly lower (for all values, P = 0.000). Platelet volume (MPV) and platelet distribution width (PDW), as well as MPV/PLT, PDW/PLT, MPV/PCT, and PDW/PCT, levels were significantly higher in deceased subjects (P = 0.000). Particularly in our deceased cases, receiver operating characteristic analyses were performed to reveal the importance of such analyses in prognostic status evaluation in COVID-19 since the hematological parameters are quite different. Cut-off values were determined for each parameter, and sensitivity and specificity ratios were calculated. While the sensitivities of MPV/PLT, PDW/PLT, MPV/PCT, and PDW/PCT indices are over 80%, neutrophil and white blood cell sensitivities were found to be lower (74%, 68.8%, respectively). Conclusion: In addition to NLR, which is an important biomarker, the hematological indices MPV/PLT, PDW/PLT, MPV/PCT, and PDW/PCT can be used to determine the risk of death in patients with severe COVID-19.Öğe The Image of Turkey in the South America Tourism Market: A Research on Mercosur Country Citizens(UNIV CAXIAS SUL, PROGRAMA POS-GRADUACAO & TURISMO, 2022) Kaya, Muhammet Caner; Batman, Orhan; İbiş, SalimThe primary purposes of this research are to explain: what is the perceived image of Turkey in South America, investigate the effects of the perceived image on destination selection, and determine what needs to be done to create a positive image. Full-Member Countries of MERCOSUR (Mercado Comun del Sur - Southern Common Market) were defined as the research population. Quantitative research methods were used in data collection. The sample was determined by non-probability sampling: purposive sampling technique. Data were obtained from 508 participants through a questionnaire. The obtained data was conducted through frequency analysis, factor analysis, t-test, and regression analysis. The result points out that the country image factors affect the perceived destination image, while the cultural similarity and the perceived destination image factors affect the cognitive country image. Also, there is a reciprocal relationship between the cognitive country image and the perceived destination image variables. The conclusion is that the region's awareness of Turkey as a travel destination is limited, Turkey is not noticed among the most in-demand travel destinations, and the image of the country as a tourism destination should be built more positive than it currently is for Turkey to attract more tourists from the region.Öğe Management of microcomplications of diabetes mellitus: Challenges, current trends, and future perspectives in treatment(MDPI, 2024) Yapışlar, Hande; Gürler, Esra BihterDiabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood sugar levels, which can lead to severe health issues if not managed effectively. Recent statistics indicate a significant global impact, with 463 million adults diagnosed worldwide and this projected to rise to 700 million by 2045. Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disorder where the immune system attacks pancreatic beta cells, reducing insulin production. Type 2 diabetes is primarily due to insulin resistance. Both types of diabetes are linked to severe microvascular and macrovascular complications if unmanaged. Microvascular complications, such as diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy, result from damage to small blood vessels and can lead to organ and tissue dysfunction. Chronic hyperglycemia plays a central role in the onset of these complications, with prolonged high blood sugar levels causing extensive vascular damage. The emerging treatments and current research focus on various aspects, from insulin resistance to the intricate cellular damage induced by glucose toxicity. Understanding and intervening in these pathways are critical for developing effective treatments and managing diabetes long term. Furthermore, ongoing health initiatives, such as increasing awareness, encouraging early detection, and improving treatments, are in place to manage diabetes globally and mitigate its impact on health and society. These initiatives are a testament to the collective effort to combat this global health challenge.Öğe Comparison of the Results of BAL and ETA Culture in Intubated COVID-19 Patients(Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice, 2024) Kılıç, Hasan Hüseyin; Gözüküçük, RamazanBackground: The isolation of pathogens using bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) culture or endotracheal aspirate (ETA) culture may enhance the treatment success for secondary pneumonia due to COVID-19, thereby reducing the risk of morbidity and mortality. Aim: This study aimed to retrospectively analyze the results of BAL and ETA cultures in intubated COVID-19 patients and to determine whether BAL has an advantage over ETA. Methods: We routinely perform BAL culture via bronchoscopy or ETA culture within the first 48 h after intubation. We retrospectively reviewed cases that underwent BAL and ETA. The patients were divided into two groups: Group B (BAL) and Group E (ETA). Various parameters were evaluated and compared between the two groups. Results: The demographic data and blood test results were similar between the two groups. However, ICU stay, duration of intubation, and culture positivity were significantly higher in Group B. Although not statistically significant, the mortality rate was higher in Group E. The most commonly isolated microorganisms were Candida species. Conclusion: The observed mortality rates were consistent with the existing literature. Since the microorganism isolation rate is higher with BAL, leading to more effective antimicrobial treatment, early deaths were prevented, and ICU stay durations were prolonged. Conversely, these durations were shorter in the ETA group due to higher mortality. In intubated COVID-19 patients, a more effective treatment process can be achieved by clearing the airway with fiberoptic bronchoscopy and tailoring the treatment based on BAL culture results. This approach may positively impact prognosis and mortality rates.Öğe Beyond conventional wisdom: unexplored risk factors for penile fracture(Sexual Medicine, 2024) Arıkan, Mehmet Gürkan; Akgül, Burak; Türk, Semih; Tantekin, Ömer Onur; Çakıroğlu, Basri; Arda, ErsanBackground Sexual intercourse is a predominant cause of penile fractures (PF). Aim To evaluate the relationship between body metrics and the severity of PF, identifying how anthropometric factors of patients and their partners influence the incidence and severity of PF. Methods This study analyzed 47 patients with PF over 9 years across multiple centers. Demographic and anthropometric data were collected for both patients and their partners. Injuries were categorized by the sexual position or activity causing them, including partner-related positions (man-on-top, woman-on-top, and doggy-style) and isolated actions (rolling-over, blunt trauma, masturbation, or manipulation). Statistical analysis was performed using the ?2-test. Outcomes The study aimed to uncover correlations between body metrics and the risk profile for PF, focusing on body mass index (BMI), weight, height, and age. Results The majority of PFs occurred during sexual activities (74.5%), particularly in “doggy” and “man-on-top” positions. Urethral involvement was observed in 10.6% of cases. Significant correlations were found between patient and partner ages (r = 0.915), patient BMI and weight (r = 0.874), patient height and weight (r = 0.502), and partner weight and BMI (r = 0.805). Higher BMI in patients was linked to delayed hospital visits (r = 0.377), and frequent sexual activity was strongly correlated with urethral complications (r = 0.727). Clinical Implications These findings emphasize the importance of considering body metrics in assessing PF risk and could guide future preventive strategies and clinical interventions. Strengths & Limitations The study’s strength lies in its comprehensive analysis of anthropometric factors and their correlation with PF severity. Limitations include a relatively small sample size and the potential for reporting bias in sexual activity data. Conclusion The study confirms sexual intercourse as the main cause of PF and highlights significant links between anthropometric factors and fracture severity. Higher BMI and weight in partners are associated with more centrally located fractures and urethral injuries, particularly in taller patients or those with larger partners.Öğe Immediate Effects of High-Intensity Blood Flow Restriction Training on Muscle Performance and Muscle Soreness(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2024) Korkmaz Dayıcan, Damla; Ülker Ekşi, Büşra; Yiğit, Şafak; Utku Umut, Gulsena; Özyürek, Burçin; Yılmaz, Hayrettin Emir; Akıncı, BuketPurpose: The aim was to investigate the immediate effects of high-intensity resistance training with blood flow restriction (HIRT-BFR) on rectus femoris (RF) muscle activity, reaction time, muscular performance, and delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) in healthy young adults. Methods: Twenty-four healthy young adults were randomized into the HIRT-BFR group or HIRT group. Both groups performed a single session of training with 80% of 1RM, 8 repetitions, 2 sets, and 3 minutes rest to RF muscle. The activity and reaction time of the dominant extremity RF muscle were evaluated by superficial electromyography (sEMG), muscular performance by single-leg squat test, and DOMS by the Visual Analog Scale. Results: Single-leg squat performance was significantly increased in HIRT-BFR (p = .001) and HIRT group (p = .04). Additionally, in HIRT group resting average (p = .03), resting maximal voluntary contraction % (p = .04), and relaxation minimum (p = .02) values of RF were significantly increased. DOMS level decreased significantly in HIRT-BFR (p < .001) and HIRT group (p = .019). The differences were similar in the groups for sEMG parameters, muscle performance, and DOMS level. Conclusion: We observed that HIRT-BFR and HIRT were similar in terms of muscle activation, reaction time, muscular performance of the RF, and DOMS level.Öğe The role of primary nocturnal enuresis in the aetiology of overactive bladder syndrome(Polish Urological Assoc, 2023) Çakıroğlu, Basri; Arıkan, Mehmet Gürkan; Taş, Tuncay; Bilir, BurakIntroduction The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of nocturnal enuresis (NE) in childhood on the development and course of overactive bladder (OAB) in adulthood. Material and methods Between January and September 2021, data from patients who visited the Urology Outpatient Clinic with OAB symptoms were collected. Patients with a history of diabetes mellitus, neurological diseases, bladder outlet obstruction, active urinary system infection, or previous medical treatment for OAB and those who did not agree to join the study were excluded. Patients with a diagnosis of NE in childhood were classified as group 1, and patients without a diagnosis of NE were classified as group 2. Demographic data were recorded. Frequency of incontinence, and the number of daytime voids and nocturia were evaluated according to a three-day voiding diary. In addition, the maximum urinary flow ratio (Qmax), bladder wall thickness, and postvoid residual volume were determined using uroflowmetry and pelvic ultrasound. Results After applying the inclusion/exclusion criteria, the mean age of the study group of 103 patients, consisting of 34 women and 69 men, was 32.85 +/- 11.20 years (18-65), and the mean BMI of both groups was 26.62 +/- 3.34 (19.49-39.18). Sixty-five of 103 patients (63.1%) had a history of childhood NE diagnosis. Patients in the group with a history of NE were younger than those without a history of NE. Conclusions The earlier onset and more intense course of OAB symptoms in patients diagnosed with NE in childhood suggests that NE may be a triggering factor in the aetiology of OAB.Öğe Investigation of the Relationship Between Heavy Metals (Cadmium, Arsenic, and Lead) and Metallothionein in Multiple Sclerosis(Springer Nature, 2024) Keçecioğlu, Can; Sarıkaya, Cansu; Aydın, Ahmet; Charehsaz, Mohammad; Efendi, HüsnüBackground and aim: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the most common neurological disorders. Metals are important for the maintenance and preservation of homeostasis and dysregulated metal homeostasis has an impact on neurodegeneration. Environmental factors are considered to contribute to MS risk and progression. Heavy metals such as arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) are widely found in the environment and because of their toxic nature, they pose a great danger to human health. Metallothioneins (MTs) play important roles in metal homeostasis and detoxification of heavy metals. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between levels of heavy metals (As, Cd, and Pb) and MT levels in MS patients and also to assess the oxidative stress status of patients. Method: Fifty subjects (20 healthy subjects and 30 MS patients) were included. Demographic characteristics of the patients, plasma MT levels, blood Cd, As, and Pb levels, as well as iron (Fe), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) levels, were determined. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were investigated as a marker of oxidative stress. Results: MT levels were slightly higher in the MS group (p > 0.05). As Cd and Pb levels were significantly higher in the control subjects. MDA levels were significantly higher in MS patients. Conclusion: Our results support the relevance of MT and MDA levels in MS. Further clinical studies with larger cohorts will provide more insights into these factors.Öğe Preventive Measures for Safer Orthognathic Surgery: Key Points(Sage Publications Inc, 2024) İsçi, Kemal Devrim; Muluk, Nuray Bayar; Güngör, Enes; Cingi, CemalObjectives: The aim of this article is to review safer orthognathic surgery. Methods: The literature survey was performed in PubMed, EBSCO, UpToDate, ProQuest Central databases of Kırıkkale University, and Google and Google Scholar databases. Results: Patients with dentofacial skeletal defects may benefit from orthognathic surgery, which entails surgically modifying parts of the facial skeleton to restore the right anatomic and functional relationship. Careful investigation of the soft tissue via clinical examination and supporting pictures, evaluation of the structure via standardized radiographs, and evaluation of the dental via study dental casts are all necessary to successfully correct maxillofacial abnormalities. Orthognathic surgery can involve either the maxilla, the mandible, or both. Improving the dynamics of nasal airflow may necessitate simultaneous intranasal surgery consisting of septoplasty and reduction of the inferior turbinate. In some patients, a genioplasty and neck liposuction may be recommended to enhance the final result. Le Fort I osteotomy, Le Fort II osteotomy, Le Fort III osteotomy, maxillary segmental osteotomies, sagittal split osteotomy of the mandibular ramus, vertical Ramal osteotomy, inverted L and C osteotomies, and mandibular body segmental osteotomies are all examples of well-established osteotomies that can be used to reposition facial skeletal elements and redefine the face. Conclusion: Preventative strategies for risk-free orthognathic surgery include maintaining blood flow, shielding teeth, bone, and neurovascular systems, and bolstering the patient’s diet.Öğe Impact of Abusive Supervision on Innovative Work Behavior in Turkey: Who Is More Affected?(Ural Federal University Publishing Center, 2024) Tatlı, Hasan Sadık; Öngel, Gökten; Süslü, MuratResearchers have focused on the dark side of managers in recent years, wherein studies discuss the effects of abusive supervision styles on employees and organizations. This research aims to elucidate the influence of abusive supervision on innovative work behaviors of new and former employees. The study focuses on two different employee characteristics. The first group includes the employees with a twoyear or less tenure. The second group includes employees with a fiveyear or more tenure. A simple random sampling technique is used to determine the sample. The research sample includes 345 employees in a manufacturing firm in Istanbul, Turkey. According to regression analysis results, abusive supervision negatively affects innovative work behavior. In addition, abusive supervision affects the innovative work behaviors of new employees more than those of former employees. The findings are consistent with the social exchange theory, conservation of resources theory, and power approach. The research findings are important in demonstrating how destructive abusive supervision affects new employees. In conclusion, suggestions are presented for companies, managers, and researchers.Öğe Health information systems with technology acceptance model approach: A systematic review(Elsevier Ireland LTD, 2024) Tetik, Gözde; Türkeli, Serkan; Pınar, Sevcan; Tarim, MehveşIn the rapidly evolving landscape of information technologies, individuals and organizations must adapt to the digital age. Given the diversity in users' knowledge and experience with technology, their acceptance levels also vary. Over the past 30 years, various theoretical models have been introduced to provide a framework for understanding user acceptance of technology. Among these, the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) stands out as a key theoretical framework, offering insights into why new technologies are either accepted or rejected. Analyzing user acceptance of technology has thus become a critical area of study. Healthcare organizations aim to assess the perceived efficacy and user-friendliness of a given technology. This will help health organisations design and implement HIS that meet users' needs and preferences. In this context, how does the TAM clarify the acceptance and use of Health Information Systems (HIS)? To address this inquiry, a comprehensive literature review will be carried out. The systematic review involved 29 studies issued between 2018 and 2023 and searched the databases Pubmed, Scopus, Wos and Ulakbim TR Index. The PRISMA flowchart was used to identify the included studies. According to the results, some variables stand out in the acceptance and utilisation of HIS. Among the users of HIS, it can be said that the results relating to nurses stand out. In particular, there are studies which emphasise that 'gender' is a crucial factor in explaining the models. Another crucial finding of the current systematic review is the need to train users in the acceptance and use of HIS.Öğe Miliary Pulmonary Tuberculosis After Intravesical BCG Instillation in a Patient with High-Grade Bladder Cancer(Ankara Microbiology Soc, 2023) Gözüküçük, Ramazan; Çakıroğlu, BasriIntravesical administration of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine is used in the treatment of superficial bladder cancer. In clinical practice, intravesical BCG immunotherapy after transurethral tumor resection is a highly effective treatment option in preventing tumor recurrence and progression in medium and high risk superficial bladder tumors. Since patients are given live tuberculosis (TB) bacillus, serious side effects such as pneumonia, sepsis and even death can be seen. Lung involvement occurs in less than 1% of patients and most commonly presents as interstitial pneumonia or miliary TB. Miliary TB is difficult to diagnose and is usually based on high clinical suspicion, as Mycobacterium bovis is not isolated in most cases. Treatment is not completely standardized. However, in severe cases, a combination of anti-tuberculosis drugs and corticosteroids is recommended. In this report, a case of miliary tuberculosis, a very rare complication after instillation of BCG into the bladder in a patient with a diagnosis of superficial bladder cancer, was presented. A 73-year-old male patient diagnosed with bladder tumor underwent transurethral resection of bladder tumor, and then weekly intravesical injection of BCG-MEDAC for six weeks had no adverse effects. Three weeks of intravesical BCG supplementation was planned for the patient who had no signs of recurrence when checked three months later by cystoscopy. Two hours after the first dose, the patient, who applied to the emergency department with the complaint of chills and shivering, was hospitalized for further follow-up and treatment. Afterwards, repeat cultures were taken from the patient whose fever continued on the seventh day of treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics (meropenem and teicoplanin). In addition, when abdominal and thorax computed tomography (CT) were performed, multiple miliary nodular lesions were detected in both lungs and were evaluated in favor of miliary TB. With these findings, the patient was started on miliary TB therapy [isoniazid (INH), rifampicin (RIF), ethambutol (EMB) and streptomycin (STM)] targeting Mycobacterium bovis, since it was an infection that developed after BCG injection. In the third week of the treatment, the patient's fever was under control, and he was discharged on the 25th day of his hospitalization because of significant improvement in infection markers [C-reactive protein(CRP)-procalcitonin]. At the end of two months, there was clear regression of pulmonary abnormalities on control thorax CT. In conclusion, miliary TB developing after intravesical BCG instillation is a very rare condition, the cause of which is not fully understood, the etiology of fever can be easily missed, and the diagnosis is difficult. In addition, this case is presented to draw attention to a critical disease that requires long treatment and follow-up and requires attention.Öğe Effect of the use of remineralization agents before resin infiltration on the treatment of initial enamel lesions: an in-vitro study(BMC, 2024) Doğu Kaya, Bengü; Manav Özen, Aybike; Yılmaz Atalı, Pınar; Güngör Sarıalioğlu, Ayça; Dalkılıç, Evrim; Alkan, Elif; Tağtekin, Dilek; Türkmen, CaferAim This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the use of remineralization agents before the application of resin infiltration on the treatment of initial enamel lesions. Materials and methods Eighty buccal enamel samples were prepared from human molars, and artificial initial lesions were formed after 96 h of incubation with a demineralizing solution. The samples were randomly divided into 8 groups (n = 10) including a remineralizing agent (Tooth Mousse, Medical Mineral Gel, Remin Pro), resin infiltration (ICON), and a combined treatment of both. Remineralizing agents were applied in pH cycle for 7 days. Baseline, demineralization, and after-treatment fluorescence (FluoreCam and DIAGNOdent Pen), surface microhardness (HMV-2T), surface roughness (M300C), OCT (Maestro-2) and ultrasonic system (Novascope 4500) data were obtained for all groups. The sample surfaces were examined under SEM/EDX (SU3500) at x1000. Data were statistically analyzed using the Two-Way Robust ANOVA and Bonferroni tests (p < 0.05). Results There was no statistically significant difference between the groups for microhardness, roughness, OCT, DIAGNOdent Pen, ultrasound, and FluoreCam size/intensity values (p = 0.582; p = 0.963; p = 0.884; p = 0.923; p = 0.051; p = 0.268; p = 0.793 respectively). The effect of the treatment procedure showed a significant difference (p < 0.001), except for the roughness values (p = 0.984). The lowest Calcium (Ca) ratio (%atomic) was observed in the RI group in the EDX analysis. Conclusion Remineralizing agents and resin infiltration methods may be used in combination or alone in the treatment of initial enamel lesions. Combining remineralizing agents with resin infiltration does not alter the efficacy of the treatment.Öğe Comparison of different methods used in the classification of maxillary gingival phenotype: A diagnostic accuracy study(WILEY, 2024) Guliyev, Rasul; Lütfioğlu, Müge; Keskiner, İlkerAims: This study aimed to evaluate the reliability and applicability of novel methods for determining gingival phenotypes and compare them with currently recommended methods. Methods: Six maxillary anterior teeth from 50 systemically and periodontally healthy patients were evaluated using two conventional methods (periodontal probe translucency method [PP] and transgingival measurement with an endodontic file [EF]), and two novel methods (colored biotype probe translucency method [CBP] and transgingival measurement with a Florida probe [FP]). All data were statistically analyzed. Intra-examiner reproducibility and inter-examiner reproducibility for all methods were analyzed using 10 randomly selected patients who were re-evaluated for each analysis. Results: Moderate agreement was found between EF and PP, with statistically significant differences between median gingival thickness (GT) values for thick 0.8 mm (0.5-1.1 mm) and thin 1 mm (0.6-1.7 mm) phenotypes, and a threshold GT value of <= 0.92 mm (p < .001). FP and PP also showed moderate agreement, with statistically significant differences between median GT values for thick and thin phenotypes (0.80 mm [0.40-1.60 mm] and 0.89 mm [0.40-1.60 mm], respectively), and a threshold GT value of <= 0.8 mm (p < .001). PP and CBP values showed a substantial agreement (p < .001). A statistically significant difference was found between median EF values and CBP categories (p < .001); however, paired comparisons showed that the distinction was applicable only between thin and other phenotypes. Conclusion: Although CBP was found to be successful in detecting the thin phenotype, it was not successful in distinguishing between medium, thick, and very thick phenotypes; moreover, it did not appear to offer any advantages over PP. Although FP may be preferable to EF in measuring gingival thickness, the cost of FP is a disadvantage.Öğe Using Cluster Analysis to Identify Metabolic Syndrome Components and Physical Fitness in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome(2024) Yiğit, Şafak; Akıncı, Buket; Ülker Ekşi, Büşra; Korkmaz Dayıcan, Damla; Çalıkoğlu, Fulya; Çelik, Yusuf; Yeldan, İpek; Satman, İlhanBackground: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) comprises a cluster of cardiovascular risk factors. Physical inactivity and reduced physical fitness are associated with one or more components of MetS. However, MetS has many components, and the unclear relationship between the components and physical fitness parameters can provide a plain and straightforward understanding of the clustering method.Aim: To identify the relationship between physical fitness parameters, physical activity levels, and components of MetS using hierarchical cluster analysis.Methods: One hundred twenty-one patients (mean age = 51.4 +/- 7.1/years, F:90, M:31) who were diagnosed as having MetS according to the National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP III) criteria were included in the study. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglyceride (TG) were analyzed. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures, (SBP and DBP), were evaluated. Body composition (waist and hip circumference, (WC and HC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), body mass index (BMI), percent body fat, and visceral fat), upper and lower extremity muscle strength (dynamometer), and functional exercise capacity [6-minute walk test (6MWT)] were assessed as physical fitness parameters. Physical activity levels were assessed using a pedometer and number of steps (NS) was determined.Results: Of the patients, 45.5% were diagnosed as having MetS based on four components. The dendrogram consisted of two main clusters and four subclusters. The main cluster I composed of BMI, HC, WC, visceral fat, HDL-C, percent fat, SBP, DBP, and percent quadriceps. The main cluster II comprised FPG, TG, WHR, handgrip strength, 6MWT, and NS.Conclusion: MetS components clustered with different physical fitness parameters. The clusters in the dendrogram can provide substantial implications for heterogeneous MetS components and physical fitness parameters. Future studies are needed to elucidate the effectiveness of dendrogram-derived exercise programs in MetS.Öğe Comparison of epoprostenol and viscum album efficiencies in the treatment of avascular necrosis of the femoral head: An experimental animal study(Histology and Histopathology, 2024) Kumbaracı, Mert; Sarsik Kumbaracı, Banu; Doganavsargil Yakut, Basak; Can, Cenk; Başdemir, Gülçin; Aydoğdu, SemihBackground: The aim of our study is to compare the efficacy of epoprostenol and viscum album in the treatment of femoral head avascular necrosis with an experimental study. Our hypothesis is that viscum album, which has similar properties to epoprostenol on the vascular system, is as effective as epoprostenol in the treatment of avascular necrosis. Methods: Avascular necrosis was created on the femoral heads of 45 New Zealand type rabbits by surgical vascular deprivation method. The rabbits were divided into 3 groups. Group 1 was designed as a control group, in group 2 Ilomedin (epoprostenol analogue) was administrated to subjects and in group 3, Helixor (viscum album extract) was administrated. At the end of the study, there were nine subjects in each group. Osteocyte necrosis, bone marrow necrosis, new bone formation and cartilage degeneration were evaluated microscopically. The extent of bone necrosis and repair and involvement of epiphysis, the bone marrow cellularity ratio and trabecular bone volume were investigated. Results: Subchondral necrosis was seen in more animals in the control group (p=0.03). Osteoblastic and osteoclastic activity were more prominent in the Ilomedin group (p=0.25 and 0.07, respectively). It was seen that the cartilages of the subjects in the Helixor and Ilomedin groups were less damaged. In the Ilomedin group, more animals were seen in the chronic phase of the repair process than in the other groups (p=0.07). Bone marrow cellularity was higher in treatment groups (22% and 20,6% for Ilomedin and Helixor, respectively, p=0,04). Trabecular volume was found to be increased in damaged femoral heads in the treatment groups, the highest increased observed in the Helixor group (p=0.01). Conclusion: Viscum album seems to be effective in decreasing the extention of necrosis and protecting the articular cartilage, and epoprostenol in increasing repair and regeneration.
