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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12941/20

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Comparison of color stability and wear resistance of different 3D printed definitive restorative resins
(2026) Gündoğan, Zülal Çoban; Özyılmaz, Özgün Yılmaz; Kara, Özlem
Statement of problem: Subtractive manufacturing in computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) systems has been extensively studied, but additive manufacturing materials, particularly those used for definitive restorations, are relatively new and data regarding their clinical performance remain limited. Purpose: This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the color stability of 3 different 3-dimensionally (3D) printed definitive restorative materials under 5 different Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage illuminants and to compare their metameric color differences. In addition, the mechanical wear resistance of these materials was evaluated independently. Material and methods: A total of 135 specimens with thicknesses of 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 mm were 3D printed according to the manufacturers' protocols. Color was evaluated before and after thermocycling under 5 illumination conditions (D65, D50, A, F11, F2). ΔE00 values were analyzed using mixed-design analysis of variance (α=.05). Wear was evaluated in 2.0-mm specimens using simulated mastication and volumetric analysis, and the wear data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test (α=.05) RESULTS: All specimens exposed to illuminant A exhibited clinically unacceptable color changes, regardless of material type or thickness. Under illuminants D50, F11, and F2, color changes were perceptible but remained within clinically acceptable limits. Thermal aging significantly reduced ΔE00 values (P=.001). Although wear was observed in all groups, no significant differences were found in volumetric loss (P=.139). Conclusions: Illuminants significantly influenced color stability across all resin types and thicknesses, whereas increased restoration thickness was associated with reduced color change perceptibility. In addition, no significant differences in wear volume were found among the tested 3D-printed definitive restorative materials.
Comparison of tensile bond strengths of different impression materials used with custom trays fabricated by 3D printing
(2026) Topalan, Onur; Özyılmaz, Özgün Yusuf
Background: This study aimed to evaluate and compare the tensile bond strength between four different impression materials and custom trays fabricated using various photopolymer-based threedimensional (3D) printing materials and one conventional method. Additionally, the effect of three surface treatments on bond strength was investigated. Methods: A total of 288 custom tray specimens were fabricated using four different techniques: Stereolithography (SLA), liquid crystal display (LCD), digital light processing (DLP), and a conventional light-cured urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA)-based acrylic. Each tray type was subjected to three surface treatments: adhesive-only, perforated-only, and perforated + adhesive. Four elastomeric impression materials were tested: polyvinylsiloxane, condensation silicone, polyether, and vinylsiloxanether. A standardized CAD model was used for all trays. The impression materials were applied onto the tray surfaces, and tensile bond strength was tested using a universal testing machine. Each condition was tested with six replicates (n = 6). Data were recorded in Newtons and converted to megapascal (MPa) using a standardized bonding surface area of 825 mm². Three-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post-hoc tests were conducted (α=0.05). Results: All three independent variables - printing technique, surface treatment, and impression material - had a statistically significant effect on tensile bond strength (p < 0.001). The highest mean bond strength (0.272 MPa) was observed with the DLP-printed tray using perforatedonly and polyether impression material. The lowest value (0.018 MPa) was found with the same tray type and surface treatment, but with condensation silicone. Among surface treatments, adhesive-only and adhesive + perforated trays showed significantly higher bond strengths compared to perforated-only groups (p = 0.001). Polyether showed significantly higher bond strength than all other impression materials, while condensation silicone yielded the lowest. Conclusions: Within the limitations of this in vitro study, tray fabrication method and surface treatment significantly influenced bonding with impression materials. The present findings may provide useful preliminary data for future clinical investigations evaluating retention characteristics of 3D-printed custom trays.
Volumetric Three-Dimensional Evaluation of the Pharyngeal Airway After Orthognathic Surgery in Patients with Skeletal Class III Malocclusion
(MDPI, 2025) Öz, Aslıhan Zeynep; El, Hakan; Öz, Abdullah Alper; Palemo, Juan Martin
Background: Orthognathic surgery significantly alters the dimensions of the pharyngeal airway. This study’s objective was to assess alterations in the pharyngeal airway volume via cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) after orthognathic surgery in patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion. Methods: This retrospective study analyzed CBCT images from 23 patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion (13 females, 10 males), who were categorized into two groups based on the surgical approach: double-jaw and single-jaw surgery. The double-jaw group included 13 patients who underwent bilateral sagittal split osteotomy (BSSO) and Le Fort I osteotomy, whereas the single-jaw group included of 10 patients who had underwent BSSO only. CBCT images were evaluated both before surgery and at a minimum of three months after surgery. The oropharyngeal volume (OP), nasopharyngeal volume (NP), total airway volume, posterior airway space (PAS), and the most constricted area at the base of the tongue (minAx) were measured. Statistical analyses were performed using either paired t-tests or Wilcoxon signed-rank tests depending on data normality, with a significance level set at p < 0.01. Results: In the double-jaw group, a significant volumetric increase was observed in the nasopharynx (5316 ± 1948 mm3 to 6064 ± 1899 mm3 ; p = 0.010) and oropharyngeal volume decreased from 17,097 ± 5675 mm3 to 14,290 ± 5835 mm3 ; however, this reduction was not statistically significant (p = 0.017). In contrast, the single-jaw group showed a significant reduction in oropharyngeal volume from 15,620 ± 5040 mm3 to 12,444 ± 4701 mm3 (p = 0.010), with no significant change in nasopharyngeal volume (p = 0.551). Total airway volume significantly decreased only in the single-jaw group (from 20,452 ± 7754 mm3 to 16,846 ± 6529 mm3 , p = 0.010). Additionally, both groups exhibited marked decreases in PAS and minimum axial area values (all p < 0.01). Conclusions: Orthognathic surgery led to a significant volumetric increase in the nasopharynx in the double-jaw group, whereas the oropharynx volume significantly decreased only in the single-jaw group. Additionally, both surgical approaches resulted in a marked reduction in PAS and minimum axial area values, highlighting a notable impact on posterior airway dimensions.
Investigation of factors influencing patients’ preferences for traveling to Türkiye for dental tourism: The case of a private hospital
(2026) Keleş, Zeynep Hale; Ertuğrul, Mustafa Orkun; Tunçer, Jale
Aim: This study aimed to investigate why dental tourists choose Türkiye for their dental clinic visits; specifically looking at a private hospital in Istanbul. Methods: This cross-sectional study employed a face-to-face survey method conducted through an interpreter with foreign patients who applied to the dental clinic of a private hospital in Istanbul (n = 52) between March 24; 2023; and February 29; 2024. The questionnaire comprised 29 inquiries aimed at collecting the participants’ demographic characteristics; elucidating their motivations for selecting Türkiye as a destination for dental care; and describing their experiences throughout the treatment process. The inquiries were presented in single-choice and multiple-choice formats. Results: Approximately 94% of dental tourists chose Türkiye for its price advantage; 86% for shorter treatment times; 82% for trust in the dentist; 78% for easy appointment scheduling; 60% for advanced technology; and 52% for low travel costs. African patients cited high costs; poor technology; appointment challenges; inadequate education; and hygiene issues as reasons for not seeking treatment in their home countries. Furthermore; European visitors cited high prices and difficulty obtaining appointments as their primary concerns; while all Middle Eastern respondents reported that obtaining an appointment was difficult. Although 77.4% of dental tourists accessed this hospital through an agency; 53.8% communicated with previous visitors to Türkiye; and 84.6% conducted research via social media. Conclusions: Within its limitations; the study concluded that affordable treatment costs; confidence in the experience of dental professionals; short treatment durations; and overall accessibility were the primary factors influencing patients’ decision to choose Türkiye for dental tourism. The reasons African patients did not seek dental care in their home country included inadequate training of dentists; unavailability of specific treatments; and poor hygiene. Travel agencies; word of mouth; and social media influenced dental tourists’ decision-making processes.
Color matching and metameric behavior of composite resins applied on anodized titanium surfaces: an in vitro spectrophotometric study
(2026) Davut, Umur; Özyılmaz, Özge Doğanay; Özyılmaz, Özgün Yusuf
Background The aim of this study was to evaluate the color matching and metameric behavior of two different composite resins applied to titanium surfaces anodized to yellow and pink colors. The study aimed to determine the effects of anodization color and composite resin type on color performance in hybrid prosthesis and screw access hole closure applications. Materials and methods A total of 72 Grade 5 titanium discs (10 mm diameter × 2 mm thickness) were allocated to three anodization conditions: nonanodized/gray (0 V, n = 24), yellow (55 V, n = 24), and pink (80 V, n = 24). Each anodization group was subdivided into two subgroups: 3 M Filtek Z250 (microhybrid) and Tokuyama Estelite Sigma Quick (supra-nano hybrid) composite resins (A2 shade, 2 mm thickness; n = 12 per subgroup). Gray titanium + composite specimens were used as the reference for ΔE₀₀ calculations; yellow and pink anodization groups constituted the experimental groups. Color measurements were performed using a spectrophotometer (Konica Minolta CM-3700 A) under four light sources (D65, D50, incandescent A, and F11). Data were analyzed using mixed-design repeated-measures ANOVA, Bonferroni post hoc test, and independent samples t-test (α = 0.05). Results Anodization color (η² = 0.941) and composite type (η² = 0.952) demonstrated strong effects on ΔE₀₀ values (both p < 0.001). Light source showed statistically significant but clinically negligible effect (η² = 0.521, mean difference < 0.1 ΔE₀₀). Pink anodization exhibited higher color differences than yellow (2.84–2.99 vs. 1.53–1.62), and Tokuyama composite higher than 3 M (2.89–3.12 vs. 1.41–1.54) (both p < 0.001). Yellow+3 M combination showed lowest values (0.91–0.97), while Pink+Tokuyama showed highest (3.68–3.97). Metamerism index remained minimal (MI < 0.21). Conclusions Careful material selection is essential for optimal esthetics in anodized titanium-composite systems. Yellow anodization combined with a microhybrid composite demonstrated the most favorable color matching performance under
Influence of Thermal Aging on the Marginal/Internal Fit of Incisor Veneered and Monolithic Zirconia Crowns
(Wiley, 2026) Özkurt Kayahan, Zeynep; Özden, Yunus Emre; Çelikyürek Karabağlı, Zeynep; Özyılmaz, Özgün Yusuf; Özer, Füsun; Blatz, Markus B.
Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare the effect of thermal aging on the marginal and internal adaptation of veneered and monolithic zirconia (MZ) crowns. Materials and Methods: A maxillary central incisor abutment was digitally designed, fabricated using resin, and scanned for crown design. MZ (IPS e.max ZirCAD Prime Esthetic) and veneered zirconia (VZ; coping: Everest, KaVo; layering: IPS e.max Ceram) crowns were fabricated (n=10). STL files were analyzed in Geomagic Design X to calculate root mean square (RMS) values within the selected marginal and internal regions before and after 10,000, 30,000, and 50,000 thermal cycles with superimposition. Data were analyzed using Shapiro–Wilk and Mann–Whitney U tests. The comparison of thermal aging treatments was evaluated using the Friedman and post hoc Wilcoxon signed-rank tests (p<0.05). Results: Significant differences were found between MZ and VZ crowns (p<0.05). In the MZ group, marginal gaps increased from 104μm (T0) to 115μm (T3), and internal gaps from 122μm (T0) to 146μm (T3). In the VZ group, marginal gaps increased from 82μm (T0) to 128μm (T3) and internal gaps from 136μm (T0) to 204μm (T3). VZ crowns showed higher dimensional changes than MZ crowns. Conclusions: Thermal cycling significantly affected the fit of zirconia crowns. VZ crowns exhibited greater dimensional changes after 30,000 and 50,000 thermal cycles, while MZ crowns maintained superior marginal fit during the same periods. Clinical Significance: This study highlights the influence of thermal aging on the marginal and internal adaptation of veneered and MZ crowns. VZ may be more susceptible to marginal or internal discrepancies after thermal aging, when compared with the MZ.
Knowledge and Attitudes of Dental Patients Toward Botulinum Toxin Treatment
(2025) Dede, Merve; Özyetim, Esra Bilgi
Background: This study aims to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of patients applying to a dental faculty for treatment regarding botulinum toxin. Methods: The study was conducted at the İstanbul Yeni Yüzyıl University Faculty of Dentistry Hospital and included a total of 139 patients. A 3-section questionnaire was used: (1) demo?graphic data, (2) knowledge of Botox, and (3) attitudes toward Botox applications. The data were analyzed using IBM SPSS 23.0, and the Kruskal-Wallis test, Dunn’s test, Mann-Whitney U test, Chi-square test, and Fisher’s Exact tests were applied. Results: Among the participants, 67.6% were female, 32.4% were male, and 70.6% were between 18 and 44 years old. Only 15.1% of the participants correctly answered the ques?tion “What Is Botox?.” While 75.5% of the participants stated that Botox is used for cosmetic purposes, their knowledge of its therapeutic applications was limited. Additionally, 20.9% of participants reported being aware of the side effects of Botox, while 33.1% stated that they had considered undergoing Botox treatment. 12.9% of the participants had previously undergone Botox procedures, with 72.2% receiving it for aesthetic reasons and 27.8% for medical purposes. Conclusion: The results of the study indicate that patients have insufficient knowledge regarding the therapeutic uses of botulinum toxin. Participants predominantly perceive Botox as a cos?metic procedure and have limited awareness of its medical benefits. Furthermore, a significant portion of participants believe that Botox procedures can only be performed by plastic surgeons and dermatologists, demonstrating low awareness of the competency of dentists in administer?ing such treatments. This study highlights the need to increase patient awareness regarding both the aesthetic and therapeutic uses of Boto
Malocclusion as a Cause of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders
(2025) İşçi, Kemal Devrim
The jaw and skull are joined at the temporal mandibular joint (TMJ), a synovial joint. You can find these two joints directly in front of your ears. Each joint comprises the mandibular condyle, the temporal bone’s articular tubercle, and an articulating disk. Allowed motions include lateral, vertical, and horizontal movement, protrusion, and retrusion. The complex motions of chewing, speaking, and generating facial emotions are made possible by this joint and the muscles that link to it. The joint pain and dysfunction that affect the jaw joint are known as temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) or TMJ syndrome. Myalgias, myofascial pain, arthralgia, disk displacement disorders, degenerative joint disease, subluxation, and 11 other pain-related and intra-articular TMJ diseases have been found by an international group. © 2025 Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
Treatment of a Class II, Division 1 Malocclusion and Ectopic Canines with Invisalign Mandibular Advancement and the Bootstrap Technique
(2025) Taslan Ceylanoğlu, Sinem; Ceylanoğlu, Cenk; Alcan, Toros
In a growing patient, a Class II, division 1 malocclusion is often treated by inducing supplementary mandibular growth with functional appliances. As Toth and colleagues reported, the correction is achieved through a combination of normal growth and mandibular skeletal and dento alveolar changes. 1 The proportion of skeletal to dental effects is determined by the timing of treatment,2, 3 the mode of mandibular advancement,4, 5 and the type and rigidity of the appliance.3, 6-8 © 2025 JCO, Inc.
Effect of solvent use on dentin crack in retreatment
(2024) Zümrütel, Pelin; Haznedaroğlu, Faruk; Keleş, Ali; Basmacı, Gülsüm Kutlu
AIM or PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of solvent use on dentinal crack formation in during root canal retreatment with micro-CT. MATERIALS and METHOD: Root canal treatments were performed on the mesial roots of 20 mandibular molars. The teeth were divided in two groups: Group A: solvent and Group B: Non-solvent. During primary treatment, canal preparation was performed using Revo-S files. The root canals were filled using the lateral compaction technique and AH Plus sealer. During retreatment procedure, Protaper Retreatment Files were used in both groups. Guttasolv was used as solvent during retreatment in group A. Before and after the initial treatment and retreatment, the teeth were imaged using microCT. Meanwhile, the remaining root canal filling materials in the teeth were also examined. RESULTS: Crack formation was not observed in either group. Residual filling material remained in the root canal after the procedure in both groups and there was no statistical significant difference found in terms of residual matter between the regions according to the results of the measurements made separately in three regions as coronal, middle, and apical regions. CONCLUSION(S): In conclusion, within the limitations of this in vitro study, it could be said that Ni-Ti systems do not cause dentin defects if used with or without a solvent. Even if the retreatment was performed close to ideal, it was determined that residual filling material remained on the canal walls during retreatment.
Qraypen In Residual Caries Detection And Cavity Disinfection
(2025) Bittar, Ahmad; Alkan, Elif; Tağtekin, Dilek
Introduction: Residual bacterial activity after selective caries removal may compromise restoration longevity. QrayPen, a fluorescence-based device, enables real-time detection of red fluorescence (DR) and maximum red fluorescence (DRmax)— markers of bacterial activity. This case series explores QrayPen’s utility in identifying residual caries and evaluating the antibacterial effect of 2% chlorhexidine digluconate applied as a cavity disinfectant. Case description: Five adult patients with active dentinal caries underwent selective caries removal. QrayPen was used to measure DR and DRmax before and after chlorhexidine application. Measurements were standardized in a dark environment with consistent drying and probe positioning. Lesions were also evaluated using ICDAS II, Nyvad criteria, and ICCMS radiographic scores. All five cases showed detectable fluorescence post-caries removal; post-disinfection readings indicated reduced bacterial activity. Discussion: The findings suggest QrayPen can identify residual bacterial presence undetectable by conventional visualtactile methods. The observed decrease in DR and DRmax values after chlorhexidine application supports its effectiveness as an adjunctive diagnostic tool. This dual use may enhance decision-making in minimally invasive restorative protocols by confirming both cleanliness of the cavity and efficacy of disinfection. Conclusion/clinical significance: QrayPen may aid clinicians in verifying caries removal and evaluating cavity disinfection in real time. Its integration into routine practice could support more conservative and evidence-based restorative treatments, improving long-term outcomes.
Radiographic evaluation of the relationship between maxillary sinus pneumatization and tooth extraction
(2025) Ocak, Hakan; Çolpak, Halis Ali
Aim: To assess maxillary sinus pneumatization radiographically after posterior tooth extraction and to compare the results based on both the post-extraction time interval and the tooth type. Material and Methods: This retrospective study included 54 patients who underwent extraction of at least one premolar or molar with roots close to the maxillary sinus floor. A total of 186 panoramic radiographs were assessed using standardized reference lines and points to measure sinus floor changes. Patients were categorized into five groups based on follow-up periods: 0–6, 7–12, 13–18, and 19–24 months. Magnification correction was applied, and mean pneumatization values were calculated by follow-up group and tooth type. Results: Maxillary sinus pneumatization demonstrated a progressive increase with longer post-extraction intervals. The mean pneumatization values were 1.1 mm in the 0–6 month group, 1.7 mm in the 7–12 month group, 2.1 mm in the 13–18 month group, and 3.9 mm in the 19–24 month group. Analysis by tooth type revealed mean values of 1.5 mm for premolar extractions, 2.0 mm for first molars, and 2.4 mm for both second and third molars. Greater pneumatization was observed in teeth with roots in close proximity to the sinus floor and in those extracted due to chronic periapical infection. Conclusion: Maxillary sinus pneumatization is a time-dependent process influenced by tooth type, root–sinus relationship, and pre-existing pathology. Early implant placement or ridge preservation techniques should be considered in high-risk cases to minimize bone loss and reduce the need for extensive sinus augmentation procedures.
Accuracy of Polyvinyl Siloxane Ether and Other Impression Materials in Full-Arch Implant Rehabilitation with Varying Angulations: A Comparative in Vitro Study
(2025) Çapuroğlu, Akanay; Kayahan, Zeynep Özkurt; Kazazoğlu, Ender
This study evaluated the accuracy of digital and conventional impressions using different materials in fully edentulous jaws with implants at varying angulations. Two master models were fabricated: one with four parallel and another with four implants placed according to the all-on-4 protocol. Impressions were obtained using three materials—polyvinyl siloxane (PVS), polyether (PE), and polyvinyl siloxane ether (PVSE)—and a digital scanner (TRIOS 4). Conventional impressions were cast, scanned with an extraoral scanner, and compared with the reference models via Geomagic Control X software. In the parallel model, digital impressions exhibited significantly greater deviation values than PE (p=0.016). In the angulated model, PE demonstrated significantly lower deviation values compared to PVSE (p=0.007) and digital impressions (p=0.016). Deviation values increased with implant angulation in all groups, except PVSE, which showed no statistically significant difference. Polyether provided the highest accuracy. Implant angulation adversely affected accuracy across most impression methods
Predictive Value of Complete Blood Count Parameters for Alzheimer's Disease in Relation to Periodontal Status
(Bentham Science, 2025) Karaduran, Kübra; Aydoğdu, Ahmet; Gelisin. Özlem; Günpınar, Sadiye
Given the role of inflammation in the development of both Alzheimer's disease (AD) and periodontal disease, it is plausible that periodontal disease may influence the progression of AD. Complete blood count (CBC) parameters may also serve as predictive indicators for this condition. This study investigated the predictive value of CBC parameters on the progression of AD in patients with periodontal disease.
The Effects of a Novel Nanohydroxyapatite Gel and Er: YAG Laser Treatment on Dentin Hypersensitivity
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2023) Deger, Ceren; Oglakci, Burcu; Demirkol, Metehan; Kucukyildirim, Bedri Onur; Gursel, Mehtikar; Eliguzeloglu Dalkilic, Evrim
Purpose: This study evaluates the effects of a novel nanohydroxyapatite gel and Er: YAG laser on the surface roughness, surface morphology, and elemental content after dentin hypersensitivity treatments. Methods: Dentin discs (2 × 3 × 3 mm3) were prepared from 75 human molars. Out of 75 human molars, 50 were used to evaluate surface roughness and randomly divided into five groups: Group ID (intact dentin), Group DD (demineralized dentin), Group BF (fluoride varnish/Bifluorid 10), Group Lsr (Er: YAG laser-50 mJ, 0.50 W, 10 Hz), and Group NHA (nanohydroxyapatite-containing gel). Dentin hypersensitivity was stimulated by 35% phosphoric acid for 1 min (except Group ID). The surface roughness (Ra, μm) was measured via contact profilometry (n = 10). Out of the 75 sound human molars, 25 were used to evaluate the surface morphology and elemental content using scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (n = 5). The data were statistically analyzed using Welsch ANOVA, Games–Howell, Kruskal–Wallis, and Dunn tests (p < 0.05). Results: Group Lsr showed significantly lower surface roughness than Group NHA and Group BF (p < 0.05). The SEM analysis indicated that most of the dentinal tubules were obliterated for Group NHA. Precipitant plugs with partially occluded dentinal tubules were observed for Group BF, while partially or completely occluded tubules with a melting appearance were detected for Group Lsr. The EDS analysis revealed that Group NHA and Group Lsr presented similar calcium and phosphorus amounts to Group ID. All dentin hypersensitivity treatment methods could provide promising results in terms of tubular occlusion efficiency. However, laser treatment resulted in smoother surfaces, which could help prevent dental plaque accumulation.
The Relationship Between Lip Augmentation and Teeth Visibility: A Cosmetic Perspective
(Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2025) Altin, Fazilet; Muluk, Nuray Bayar; Cingi, Cemal
Objectives: This paper aims to describe the ideal relationship between lips and teeth as 2 critical facial features to guide young doctors keen on lip augmentation. Methods: The literature survey was performed in PubMed, EBSCO, UpToDate, Proquest Central databases of Kirikkale University, and Google and Google Scholar databases. Results: There is a relationship between the visibility of teeth and the amount of tooth show and its attractiveness, but only if the gingival exposure is within the standard setting and between the upper central incisor tips if the buccal corridor is not exceeding 1 mm. A smile's visual expression and aesthetics do not simply involve the lips alone. Facial esthetics result from harmony between several minor factors, the combination of which determines the patient's overall appearance. For instance, when laughing with an open mouth, a person's teeth become visible. The need for lip enhancement is based on the patient's aesthetic goals, infrastructural tooth position/visibility, and stage of facial aging. To help achieve lip augmentation goals, facial aesthetic subunits, soft-tissue patterns, and bony landmarks should be considered. Lip augmentation is typically performed by adding volume through various means and materials. Conclusions: The authors must offer essential new data on the relationship between lip augmentation and teeth visibility. A given upper lip enhancement will make the maxillary incisors visible to a greater or lesser extent. However, there is limited research on what constitutes a prioritized single most crucial factor in promoting maxillary incisor visibility.
Volumetric Three-Dimensional Evaluation of the Pharyngeal Airway After Orthognathic Surgery in Patients with Skeletal Class III Malocclusion
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2025) Oz, Aslihan Zeynep; El, Hakan; Palomo, Juan Martin
Background: Orthognathic surgery significantly alters the dimensions of the pharyngeal airway. This study's objective was to assess alterations in the pharyngeal airway volume via cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) after orthognathic surgery in patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion. Methods: This retrospective study analyzed CBCT images from 23 patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion (13 females, 10 males), who were categorized into two groups based on the surgical approach: double-jaw and single-jaw surgery. The double-jaw group included 13 patients who underwent bilateral sagittal split osteotomy (BSSO) and Le Fort I osteotomy, whereas the single-jaw group included of 10 patients who had underwent BSSO only. CBCT images were evaluated both before surgery and at a minimum of three months after surgery. The oropharyngeal volume (OP), nasopharyngeal volume (NP), total airway volume, posterior airway space (PAS), and the most constricted area at the base of the tongue (minAx) were measured. Statistical analyses were performed using either paired t-tests or Wilcoxon signed-rank tests depending on data normality, with a significance level set at p < 0.01. Results: In the double-jaw group, a significant volumetric increase was observed in the nasopharynx (5316 +/- 1948 mm(3) to 6064 +/- 1899 mm(3); p = 0.010) and oropharyngeal volume decreased from 17,097 +/- 5675 mm(3) to 14,290 +/- 5835 mm(3); however, this reduction was not statistically significant (p = 0.017). In contrast, the single-jaw group showed a significant reduction in oropharyngeal volume from 15,620 +/- 5040 mm(3) to 12,444 +/- 4701 mm(3) (p = 0.010), with no significant change in nasopharyngeal volume (p = 0.551). Total airway volume significantly decreased only in the single-jaw group (from 20,452 +/- 7754 mm(3) to 16,846 +/- 6529 mm(3), p = 0.010). Additionally, both groups exhibited marked decreases in PAS and minimum axial area values (all p < 0.01). Conclusions: Orthognathic surgery led to a significant volumetric increase in the nasopharynx in the double-jaw group, whereas the oropharynx volume significantly decreased only in the single-jaw group. Additionally, both surgical approaches resulted in a marked reduction in PAS and minimum axial area values, highlighting a notable impact on posterior airway dimensions.
Radiological analysis of palatal arterial anatomy for periodontal surgery: insights from 3D-RA
(Springer-Verlag Italia s.r.l., 2025) Bozay Oz, Evrim; Oz, Ibrahim Ilker
Objective: This study aimed to comprehensively evaluate the detailed arterial anatomy of the palatal mucosa, emphasising the greater palatine artery (GPA) and lesser palatine artery (LPA), through the use of three-dimensional rotational angiography (3D-RA). This detailed vascular analysis aims to inform clinical decisions and reduce the risk of vascular injury during palatal graft harvesting procedures. Methods: A retrospective analysis of radiological data was conducted on 80 consecutive patients who underwent cerebral or carotid digital subtraction angiography (DSA) incorporating 3D-RA imaging. Detailed measurements were obtained for the GPA, descending palatine artery (DPA), and LPA, including arterial diameters, branching patterns, and their spatial relationships with palatal mucosal thickness and vault morphology. Based on GPA and LPA branching patterns, the vascular supply to the hard palate was classified. Results: The GPA was classified into three branching patterns, with Type I (absence of medial branch) being most prevalent (65%), typically accompanied by the presence of LPA contributions to the medial hard palate. Type II (MB coursing anterior to the palatal spine) was identified in 23.75% of patients. Type III was present in 11.25%, The mean diameter of the GPA was 0.99 ± 0.16 mm, while the DPA was significantly larger in males (p = 0.036). The GPA’s lateral branch narrowed anteriorly, with the smallest mucosal-to-vessel distance measured at the first premolar region (2.55 ± 1.11 mm), indicating a heightened risk for surgical injury. No significant relationship was found between palatal vault morphology and mucosal thickness. Conclusion: The LPA contributed to medial hard palate perfusion in the absence of the GPA’s medial branch, indicating its surgical relevance in mucogingival procedures.
Clinical and molecular results in 15 Turkish patients with Wiedemann-Steiner syndrome: identification of eight novel KMT2A variants and a case of dual molecular diagnosis in the CSNK2A1
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2025) Yeter, Burcu; Demirkol, Yasemin Kendir; Usluer, Esra; Oğuz, Sümeyra; Eser, Metin; Yarar, Murat Hakkı; Canbek, Sezin
Wiedemann-Steiner syndrome (WSS) is a rare autosomal dominant neurogenetic disorder caused by monallelic variants in KMT2A gene, characterized by neuromotor developmental delay, intellectual disability, microcephaly, seizures, behavioral disorders, dysmorphic facial features, hirsutism, and systemic anomalies. The KMT2A gene encodes a histone lysine methyltransferase crucial for the regulation of gene expression during early developmental stages. In this study, the clinical and molecular findings of 15 Turkish patients with WSS confirmed by whole exome sequencing are reported. Variant segregation was confirmed in all families. The ages of the patients were between 1.5 and 16 years. The majority of patients had neuromotor developmental delay, speech delay, and intellectual disability. The most frequently recognised dysmorphic facial features were thick eyebrows, long eyelashes, synophrys, hypertelorism, and broad nose. Other frequently observed clinical findings included short stature, congenital hypotonia, behavioral problems, genitourinary anomalies, and abnormal gait. Novel findings included focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, cholelithiasis, and sacrococcygeal teratoma. Fifteen different KMT2A variants were detected, including 8 novel (p.Gln3594*, p.Glu1407Argfs*4, p.Ser610Ilefs*9, p.Ser2188Leufs*25, p.Glu970Glnfs*37, p.Ser759Valfs*22, p.Lys1346Serfs*24, and c.11146 + 1_11146 + 6delinsA) variants. Additionally, one patient exhibited a dual molecular diagnosis with a de novo variant in CSNK2A1, associated with Okur-Chung neurodevelopmental syndrome. Conclusion: This study expands the clinical and molecular spectrum of WSS, highlighting novel variants and unique manifestations. It emphasizes the importance of molecular testing in accurate diagnosis and management. By characterizing phenotypic diversity and dual diagnosis, this work contributes valuable insights for advancing clinical care and guiding future research. (Table presented.)
A Novel Homozygous Missense SCUBE3 Variant with Protein Modeling in a Patient Diagnosed as Short Stature, Facial Dysmorphism, and Skeletal Anomalies with or without Cardiac Anomalies 2
(S. Karger AG, 2025) Yeter, Burcu; Dilek, Yunus Emre; Kendir Demirkol, Yasemin; Selamioǧlu, Arzu; Klrmlzlbekmez, Heves; Kaymakçalan Çelebiler, Hande; Bayram Akçaplnar, Günseli
Introduction: Short stature, facial dysmorphism, and skeletal anomalies with or without cardiac anomalies 2 is a very rare genetic disorder caused by biallelic pathogenic variants in the SCUBE3 gene and has been reported in approximately 20 patients to date. SCUBE3 protein exhibits significant expression in various tissues, including primary osteoblasts, long bones, and the cartilage of the axial skeleton throughout development, while also playing a regulatory role in the FGF, Hedgehog, and TGF-β signaling pathways. Case Presentation: We report a 13-year-old female patient from a consanguineous Turkish family with a novel homozygous missense variant, c.908G>C (p.Cys303Ser) in the SCUBE3 gene identified, through exome sequencing. The patient exhibited prenatal growth retardation, short stature, microcephaly, distinctive facial traits, such as long face, high arched eyebrows, epicanthus, blepharoptosis, hypotelorism, high nasal bridge, micrognathia, and large ears, dental anomalies, and skeletal abnormalities, including scoliosis, eleven pairs of ribs, mild radial bowing, irregular endplates in the lower thoracic vertabrae, and narrow iliac wings. Conclusion: Protein modeling using AlphaFold3 revealed disruption of a critical disulfide bridge within the seventh epidermal growth factor-like repeat, likely affecting protein stability. In this study, we aimed to further characterize the clinical, radiological, and molecular features of this disorder with protein modeling.

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