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Comparison of the Results of BAL and ETA Culture in Intubated COVID-19 Patients
(Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice, 2024) Kılıç, Hasan Hüseyin; Gözüküçük, Ramazan
Background: The isolation of pathogens using bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) culture or endotracheal aspirate (ETA) culture may enhance the treatment success for secondary pneumonia due to COVID-19, thereby reducing the risk of morbidity and mortality. Aim: This study aimed to retrospectively analyze the results of BAL and ETA cultures in intubated COVID-19 patients and to determine whether BAL has an advantage over ETA. Methods: We routinely perform BAL culture via bronchoscopy or ETA culture within the first 48 h after intubation. We retrospectively reviewed cases that underwent BAL and ETA. The patients were divided into two groups: Group B (BAL) and Group E (ETA). Various parameters were evaluated and compared between the two groups. Results: The demographic data and blood test results were similar between the two groups. However, ICU stay, duration of intubation, and culture positivity were significantly higher in Group B. Although not statistically significant, the mortality rate was higher in Group E. The most commonly isolated microorganisms were Candida species. Conclusion: The observed mortality rates were consistent with the existing literature. Since the microorganism isolation rate is higher with BAL, leading to more effective antimicrobial treatment, early deaths were prevented, and ICU stay durations were prolonged. Conversely, these durations were shorter in the ETA group due to higher mortality. In intubated COVID-19 patients, a more effective treatment process can be achieved by clearing the airway with fiberoptic bronchoscopy and tailoring the treatment based on BAL culture results. This approach may positively impact prognosis and mortality rates.
Beyond conventional wisdom: unexplored risk factors for penile fracture
(Sexual Medicine, 2024) Arıkan, Mehmet Gürkan; Akgül, Burak; Türk, Semih; Tantekin, Ömer Onur; Çakıroğlu, Basri; Arda, Ersan
Background Sexual intercourse is a predominant cause of penile fractures (PF). Aim To evaluate the relationship between body metrics and the severity of PF, identifying how anthropometric factors of patients and their partners influence the incidence and severity of PF. Methods This study analyzed 47 patients with PF over 9 years across multiple centers. Demographic and anthropometric data were collected for both patients and their partners. Injuries were categorized by the sexual position or activity causing them, including partner-related positions (man-on-top, woman-on-top, and doggy-style) and isolated actions (rolling-over, blunt trauma, masturbation, or manipulation). Statistical analysis was performed using the ?2-test. Outcomes The study aimed to uncover correlations between body metrics and the risk profile for PF, focusing on body mass index (BMI), weight, height, and age. Results The majority of PFs occurred during sexual activities (74.5%), particularly in “doggy” and “man-on-top” positions. Urethral involvement was observed in 10.6% of cases. Significant correlations were found between patient and partner ages (r = 0.915), patient BMI and weight (r = 0.874), patient height and weight (r = 0.502), and partner weight and BMI (r = 0.805). Higher BMI in patients was linked to delayed hospital visits (r = 0.377), and frequent sexual activity was strongly correlated with urethral complications (r = 0.727). Clinical Implications These findings emphasize the importance of considering body metrics in assessing PF risk and could guide future preventive strategies and clinical interventions. Strengths & Limitations The study’s strength lies in its comprehensive analysis of anthropometric factors and their correlation with PF severity. Limitations include a relatively small sample size and the potential for reporting bias in sexual activity data. Conclusion The study confirms sexual intercourse as the main cause of PF and highlights significant links between anthropometric factors and fracture severity. Higher BMI and weight in partners are associated with more centrally located fractures and urethral injuries, particularly in taller patients or those with larger partners.
Combined Minimally Invasive Esthetic Rehabilitation of Dental Fluorosis-5-year Follow-up: Case Report
(2024) Dokumacigil, Gökhan; Korkut, Bora; Yılmaz Atalı, Pınar
Dental fluorosis (DF) is a specific esthetic issue characterized by a persistent condition in which there is a disruption in enamel development, leading to the formation of hypomineralized enamel. The resulting unusual appearance varies in intensity, presenting as mildly white and opaque to dark brown, and significantly impacts individuals' esthetic features and self-confidence. The objective of this case report was to assess the efficacy of microabrasion, dental whitening, and resin infiltration in terms of resolving lesions, tracking the sensitivity of teeth, and evaluating patient satisfaction over a period of time. A minimally invasive treatment approach in a 27-year-old woman with severe DF is detailed. The treatment plan involved enamel microabrasion, in-office bleaching, and two weeks of at-home bleaching, followed by resin infiltration for the affected tooth under rubber dam isolation. After a 5-year follow-up, the assessment of the patient's esthetic appearance indicated a successful treatment of teeth affected by DF.
Investigation of the effects of some demographic characteristics of female athletes on emotional intelligence and life satisfaction
(2024) Yücel, Ali Serdar; Kuyucu, Michael Mihalis; Hergüner, Gülten; Yaman, Çetin; Özpınar, Saliha; Bal, Fatih; Korkmaz, Murat
In many subjects and fields, emotional intelligence refers to the ability of individuals to understand, express and manage their own emotions and the emotions of others. Especially sport is known to have a significant effect on emotional intelligence. In this study, it was aimed to examine the effects of some demographic characteristics of female athletes on emotional intelligence and life satisfaction. The participants were all women and analyses were performed by taking into account age groups, sports branches and education departments. Emotional intelligence and life satisfaction scales were evaluated by factor analysis and the suitability of the data was confirmed by Bartlett's test. The internal consistency of the questionnaire was evaluated with Cronbach's alpha coefficients. Anova, Kruskal Wallis and Jonckheere-Terpstra tests were used to analyse the data. All analyses were performed with SPSS v22.0. 34% of the participants were 18-21 years old, 45% were 22-25 years old and 21% were over 26 years old. 31% were interested in team sports and 69% were interested in individual sports. The fields of education are 37% coaching, 32% physical education and sports teaching, 31% sports management. According to the factor analysis results, Bartlett's test p<0.001 and KMO coefficient 0.896 were found. Cronbach's alpha coefficients ranged between 0.583 and 0.924. While some factors differed according to age, no difference was found according to sport branch. While evaluation of own emotions and social skills differed according to departments, other factors did not differ. Participants over 26 years of age had low scores in the use of emotions and life satisfaction factors. These findings provide important clues for developing strategies for improving emotional intelligence and increasing life satisfaction.
Actitudes de los padres deportistas ante los hábitos alimentarios de sus hijos
(2024) Özpınar, Saliha; Yücel, Ali Serdar; Korkmaz, Murat; Hergüner, Gülten; Yaman, Çetin; Sevil, Ümran; Kuyucu, Michael Mihalis
Today, parents have assumed important roles in shaping their children\"s eating habits in social and daily life. Especially the tendency of parents who do sports to transfer their healthy lifestyles to their children has positive effects on children\"s eating habits. This study examines the attitudes of parents on this issue and the effects of these attitudes on children\"s eating habits. In line with the aim of the study, the attitudes of parents who do sports towards their children\"s eating habits were investigated. The rationale of the study is to focus on how parents\" attitudes towards nutrition affect their children\"s eating habits and the contribution of these attitudes to children\"s general health and sports performance. The findings of the study show that parents\" nutrition attitudes are critical for children to develop a healthy lifestyle. This study was conducted between 2023-2024 and 860 parents and their children participated in the study. The data obtained from the study were collected using a 5-point Likert-type scale form with validity and reliability and analysed with SPSS 22.0 software. Various statistical techniques such as descriptive statistics, reliability analysis, independent sample t-test, ANOVA, factor and regression analyses were used in the study. The findings obtained at the end of the research show that parents\" nutritional attitudes have significant effects on children\"s eating habits. Parents\" attitudes towards healthy eating and physical activity positively affect children\"s eating habits. Children of parents who do sports develop healthier eating habits, are more active and take part in physical activities. The study reveals that parents\" nutritional attitudes contribute to children\"s general health and sports performance.
Predictive values and relationships of serum PSA levels, delta neutrophil index, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and other hematological parameters in patients with acute prostatitis
(Urologia, 2024) Uyanık, Bekir Sami; Çakıroğlu, Basri; Gözüküçük, Ramazan
Background: This study aimed to evaluate the predictive values and relationships of serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels, delta neutrophil index (DNI), neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and other hematological parameters in patients diagnosed with acute prostatitis. Methods: Serum PSA levels and hemogram parameters of patients diagnosed with acute prostatitis were retrospectively analyzed. Healthy patients of the same age group were assigned to the control group. WBC, neutrophil, lymphocyte, thrombocyte (PLT), mean platelet volume (MPV), plateletcrit (PCT), NLR, and DNI were determined. Serum total PSA and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were also assessed. Results: Total PSA levels (3.48 [1.11-6.66]) in the acute prostatitis (AP) group were significantly higher than those of healthy men (0.82 [0.47-1.39]) (p < 0.001). Total CRP levels (3.88 [1.50-22.03]) in the AP group were significantly higher than those in healthy men (1.15 [0.89-2.00]) (p < 0.001). The sensitivity and specificity of PSA at a cutoff value of 1.52 were 68.4% and 79.7%, respectively. The NLR value in the AP group was 2.62 (1.87-4.42), compared to 1.63 (1.18-2.20) in the healthy group (p < 0.001). Differences in WBC, neutrophil, and lymphocyte counts were also statistically significant (p < 0.001). There were no significant differences in PLT, PCT, or DNI values. Significant positive correlations were observed between PSA, CRP, and DNI values (all p < 0.001). Conclusion: This study demonstrated the usefulness of NLR, PSA, CRP, and WBC as predictors of acute prostatitis. NLR is a simple, inexpensive inflammation parameter that correlates well with CRP levels.
Exploring the Relationship Between HMGB1, CXCL12, CXCR4, and CXCR7 in the Context of Adriamycin-Induced Cardiotoxicity
(2024) Emrence, Zeliha; Punar, Şeyma; Taşkın, Eylem; Güven, Celal; Sarıman, Melda; Abacı,Neslihan
High-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1), known as an abundant and highly conserved nuclear protein, plays a pivotal role in initiating inflammation, tissue healing, and the immune response following various forms of cell damage. The chemokine C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12) forms a signaling axis known as CXCL12/ CXCR4/CXCR7, along with the receptors CXCR4 and CXCR7. Our study aimed to explore the connection between HMGB1 and the involved chemokine axis, CXCR4, CXCL12, and CXCR7, in the context of adriamycin-induced cardiotoxicity. Materials and Methods: We performed RNA interference to suppress HMGB1 expression in H9c2 cardiac myoblast cells. Adriamycin, an anti-tumor antibiotic known for causing cardiotoxicity, was used in conjunction with HMGB1 suppression. We investigated the combined and individual effects of these factors. Gene expression analysis was conducted through qRT-PCR 36 and 48 h post-treatment. Results: Adriamycin treatment increased the expression of CXCL12, CXCR4, and CXCR7. Notably, our study observed significant changes in gene expression when HMGB1 was downregulated and adriamycin was administered. These findings suggest potential molecular mechanisms associated with adriamycin-induced cardiotoxicity, emphasizing the significance of the CXCR4/CXCL12 axis and the impact of HMGB1 modulation. Conclusion: Our study provides insights into the molecular interplay between HMGB1 and the CXCL12/CXCR4/CXCR7 ligand-receptor axis in the context of adriamycin-induced cardiotoxicity. The results shed light on further research to enhance therapeutic approaches or advance new strategies to address this cardiotoxicity.
Assessment of health literacy and HPV knowledge among university students: An observational study
(Medicine, 2024) Şenocak Taşçı, Elif; Baş, Dilşat; Kayak, Simge; Anik, Sema; Erözcan, Aleyna; Sönmez, Özlem
Health literacy (HL) level is related to promotion of health, improved health behaviors, and early diagnosis of diseases, as well as the appropriate use of health services. Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination is the primary method of protection against cervical cancer and recommended for women aged 9 to 27. This study aims to assess the university students' knowledge about HPV and the association between HL and HPV vaccination. In this cross-sectional and descriptive study, an electronic survey was used. Demographic characteristics and anthropometric measurements of the participants were questioned. HPV Knowledge Scale (HPV-KS) and Turkish Health Literacy Scale (THLS-32) were used to evaluate HPV knowledge and HL. Statistical analyzes were performed with SPSS version 26. A total of 361 university students (74% women), aged 21.98 ± 4.72 years, were included in the study. About 52% of the participants were health sciences students. The total THLS-32 score was 34.68 ± 9.37 (95% CI = 33.71-35.65), and the total adequate/excellent HL level was 51%. The mean HPV-KS score of the participants was 10.28 ± 8.15 (95% CI = 9.44-11.12) of a possible 35. Health sciences students had higher rates of HPV awareness (78% vs 65%; P = .007). General HPV knowledge level was significantly better among women (P < .001), >20 years (P = .002), and those with a family history of cancer (P < .001) and significantly lower among students at prep or first year of school (P < .001). There was a weak, positive relation between THLS-32 and HPV-KS score (R = 0.136; P = .01). Participants with higher levels of HPV knowledge (P = .034) and total HPV-KS score (P = .025) were statistically significantly higher in students with adequate/excellent HL. Our results reveal that knowledge about HPV vaccination is closely related to HL levels. Educational interventions on HL may be considered to increase HPV vaccination rates.
Efficacy of the Mediterranean Diet Containing Different Macronutrients on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
(2024) Uluçay Kestane, Vahibe; Baş, Murat
This study aimed to investigate the effects of the typical Mediterranean diet (TMD), low-carbohydrate Mediterranean diet (LCMD), and low-fat Mediterranean diet (LFMD) on biochemical findings, fatty liver index (FLI), anthropometric measurements, and body composition in individuals with obesity with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and insulin resistance. This study included 63 participants with obesity with insulin resistance diagnosed with NAFLD by ultrasonography to investigate the effects of an 8-week energy-restricted TMD, LCMD, and LFMD on biochemical findings, FLI, fibrosis-4 index (FIB-4), anthropometric measurements, and body composition. Patients were randomized into three groups and were interviewed face-to-face every week. According to the food consumption records (baseline end), the difference in the amount of sucrose and total fat consumed in the TMD group; the difference in energy intake from sucrose, monounsaturated fatty acids, and oleic acid in the LCMD group; and the difference in energy intake from fiber, sucrose, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, and cholesterol in the LFMD group showed significant correlations with liver enzymes and FLI (p < 0.05). In conclusion, although it has a different macronutrient composition, the Mediterranean diet may positively affect biochemical parameters and FLI in individuals with NAFLD, albeit in different ways.
Immediate Effects of High-Intensity Blood Flow Restriction Training on Muscle Performance and Muscle Soreness
(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2024) Korkmaz Dayıcan, Damla; Ülker Ekşi, Büşra; Yiğit, Şafak; Utku Umut, Gulsena; Özyürek, Burçin; Yılmaz, Hayrettin Emir; Akıncı, Buket
Purpose: The aim was to investigate the immediate effects of high-intensity resistance training with blood flow restriction (HIRT-BFR) on rectus femoris (RF) muscle activity, reaction time, muscular performance, and delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) in healthy young adults. Methods: Twenty-four healthy young adults were randomized into the HIRT-BFR group or HIRT group. Both groups performed a single session of training with 80% of 1RM, 8 repetitions, 2 sets, and 3 minutes rest to RF muscle. The activity and reaction time of the dominant extremity RF muscle were evaluated by superficial electromyography (sEMG), muscular performance by single-leg squat test, and DOMS by the Visual Analog Scale. Results: Single-leg squat performance was significantly increased in HIRT-BFR (p = .001) and HIRT group (p = .04). Additionally, in HIRT group resting average (p = .03), resting maximal voluntary contraction % (p = .04), and relaxation minimum (p = .02) values of RF were significantly increased. DOMS level decreased significantly in HIRT-BFR (p < .001) and HIRT group (p = .019). The differences were similar in the groups for sEMG parameters, muscle performance, and DOMS level. Conclusion: We observed that HIRT-BFR and HIRT were similar in terms of muscle activation, reaction time, muscular performance of the RF, and DOMS level.
The role of primary nocturnal enuresis in the aetiology of overactive bladder syndrome
(Polish Urological Assoc, 2023) Çakıroğlu, Basri; Arıkan, Mehmet Gürkan; Taş, Tuncay; Bilir, Burak
Introduction The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of nocturnal enuresis (NE) in childhood on the development and course of overactive bladder (OAB) in adulthood. Material and methods Between January and September 2021, data from patients who visited the Urology Outpatient Clinic with OAB symptoms were collected. Patients with a history of diabetes mellitus, neurological diseases, bladder outlet obstruction, active urinary system infection, or previous medical treatment for OAB and those who did not agree to join the study were excluded. Patients with a diagnosis of NE in childhood were classified as group 1, and patients without a diagnosis of NE were classified as group 2. Demographic data were recorded. Frequency of incontinence, and the number of daytime voids and nocturia were evaluated according to a three-day voiding diary. In addition, the maximum urinary flow ratio (Qmax), bladder wall thickness, and postvoid residual volume were determined using uroflowmetry and pelvic ultrasound. Results After applying the inclusion/exclusion criteria, the mean age of the study group of 103 patients, consisting of 34 women and 69 men, was 32.85 +/- 11.20 years (18-65), and the mean BMI of both groups was 26.62 +/- 3.34 (19.49-39.18). Sixty-five of 103 patients (63.1%) had a history of childhood NE diagnosis. Patients in the group with a history of NE were younger than those without a history of NE. Conclusions The earlier onset and more intense course of OAB symptoms in patients diagnosed with NE in childhood suggests that NE may be a triggering factor in the aetiology of OAB.
Preventive Measures for Safer Orthognathic Surgery: Key Points
(Sage Publications Inc, 2024) İsçi, Kemal Devrim; Muluk, Nuray Bayar; Güngör, Enes; Cingi, Cemal
Objectives: The aim of this article is to review safer orthognathic surgery. Methods: The literature survey was performed in PubMed, EBSCO, UpToDate, ProQuest Central databases of Kırıkkale University, and Google and Google Scholar databases. Results: Patients with dentofacial skeletal defects may benefit from orthognathic surgery, which entails surgically modifying parts of the facial skeleton to restore the right anatomic and functional relationship. Careful investigation of the soft tissue via clinical examination and supporting pictures, evaluation of the structure via standardized radiographs, and evaluation of the dental via study dental casts are all necessary to successfully correct maxillofacial abnormalities. Orthognathic surgery can involve either the maxilla, the mandible, or both. Improving the dynamics of nasal airflow may necessitate simultaneous intranasal surgery consisting of septoplasty and reduction of the inferior turbinate. In some patients, a genioplasty and neck liposuction may be recommended to enhance the final result. Le Fort I osteotomy, Le Fort II osteotomy, Le Fort III osteotomy, maxillary segmental osteotomies, sagittal split osteotomy of the mandibular ramus, vertical Ramal osteotomy, inverted L and C osteotomies, and mandibular body segmental osteotomies are all examples of well-established osteotomies that can be used to reposition facial skeletal elements and redefine the face. Conclusion: Preventative strategies for risk-free orthognathic surgery include maintaining blood flow, shielding teeth, bone, and neurovascular systems, and bolstering the patient’s diet.
Health information systems with technology acceptance model approach: A systematic review
(Elsevier Ireland LTD, 2024) Tetik, Gözde; Türkeli, Serkan; Pınar, Sevcan; Tarim, Mehveş
In the rapidly evolving landscape of information technologies, individuals and organizations must adapt to the digital age. Given the diversity in users' knowledge and experience with technology, their acceptance levels also vary. Over the past 30 years, various theoretical models have been introduced to provide a framework for understanding user acceptance of technology. Among these, the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) stands out as a key theoretical framework, offering insights into why new technologies are either accepted or rejected. Analyzing user acceptance of technology has thus become a critical area of study. Healthcare organizations aim to assess the perceived efficacy and user-friendliness of a given technology. This will help health organisations design and implement HIS that meet users' needs and preferences. In this context, how does the TAM clarify the acceptance and use of Health Information Systems (HIS)? To address this inquiry, a comprehensive literature review will be carried out. The systematic review involved 29 studies issued between 2018 and 2023 and searched the databases Pubmed, Scopus, Wos and Ulakbim TR Index. The PRISMA flowchart was used to identify the included studies. According to the results, some variables stand out in the acceptance and utilisation of HIS. Among the users of HIS, it can be said that the results relating to nurses stand out. In particular, there are studies which emphasise that 'gender' is a crucial factor in explaining the models. Another crucial finding of the current systematic review is the need to train users in the acceptance and use of HIS.
Miliary Pulmonary Tuberculosis After Intravesical BCG Instillation in a Patient with High-Grade Bladder Cancer
(Ankara Microbiology Soc, 2023) Gözüküçük, Ramazan; Çakıroğlu, Basri
Intravesical administration of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine is used in the treatment of superficial bladder cancer. In clinical practice, intravesical BCG immunotherapy after transurethral tumor resection is a highly effective treatment option in preventing tumor recurrence and progression in medium and high risk superficial bladder tumors. Since patients are given live tuberculosis (TB) bacillus, serious side effects such as pneumonia, sepsis and even death can be seen. Lung involvement occurs in less than 1% of patients and most commonly presents as interstitial pneumonia or miliary TB. Miliary TB is difficult to diagnose and is usually based on high clinical suspicion, as Mycobacterium bovis is not isolated in most cases. Treatment is not completely standardized. However, in severe cases, a combination of anti-tuberculosis drugs and corticosteroids is recommended. In this report, a case of miliary tuberculosis, a very rare complication after instillation of BCG into the bladder in a patient with a diagnosis of superficial bladder cancer, was presented. A 73-year-old male patient diagnosed with bladder tumor underwent transurethral resection of bladder tumor, and then weekly intravesical injection of BCG-MEDAC for six weeks had no adverse effects. Three weeks of intravesical BCG supplementation was planned for the patient who had no signs of recurrence when checked three months later by cystoscopy. Two hours after the first dose, the patient, who applied to the emergency department with the complaint of chills and shivering, was hospitalized for further follow-up and treatment. Afterwards, repeat cultures were taken from the patient whose fever continued on the seventh day of treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics (meropenem and teicoplanin). In addition, when abdominal and thorax computed tomography (CT) were performed, multiple miliary nodular lesions were detected in both lungs and were evaluated in favor of miliary TB. With these findings, the patient was started on miliary TB therapy [isoniazid (INH), rifampicin (RIF), ethambutol (EMB) and streptomycin (STM)] targeting Mycobacterium bovis, since it was an infection that developed after BCG injection. In the third week of the treatment, the patient's fever was under control, and he was discharged on the 25th day of his hospitalization because of significant improvement in infection markers [C-reactive protein(CRP)-procalcitonin]. At the end of two months, there was clear regression of pulmonary abnormalities on control thorax CT. In conclusion, miliary TB developing after intravesical BCG instillation is a very rare condition, the cause of which is not fully understood, the etiology of fever can be easily missed, and the diagnosis is difficult. In addition, this case is presented to draw attention to a critical disease that requires long treatment and follow-up and requires attention.
Effect of the use of remineralization agents before resin infiltration on the treatment of initial enamel lesions: an in-vitro study
(BMC, 2024) Doğu Kaya, Bengü; Manav Özen, Aybike; Yılmaz Atalı, Pınar; Güngör Sarıalioğlu, Ayça; Dalkılıç, Evrim; Alkan, Elif; Tağtekin, Dilek; Türkmen, Cafer
Aim This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the use of remineralization agents before the application of resin infiltration on the treatment of initial enamel lesions. Materials and methods Eighty buccal enamel samples were prepared from human molars, and artificial initial lesions were formed after 96 h of incubation with a demineralizing solution. The samples were randomly divided into 8 groups (n = 10) including a remineralizing agent (Tooth Mousse, Medical Mineral Gel, Remin Pro), resin infiltration (ICON), and a combined treatment of both. Remineralizing agents were applied in pH cycle for 7 days. Baseline, demineralization, and after-treatment fluorescence (FluoreCam and DIAGNOdent Pen), surface microhardness (HMV-2T), surface roughness (M300C), OCT (Maestro-2) and ultrasonic system (Novascope 4500) data were obtained for all groups. The sample surfaces were examined under SEM/EDX (SU3500) at x1000. Data were statistically analyzed using the Two-Way Robust ANOVA and Bonferroni tests (p < 0.05). Results There was no statistically significant difference between the groups for microhardness, roughness, OCT, DIAGNOdent Pen, ultrasound, and FluoreCam size/intensity values (p = 0.582; p = 0.963; p = 0.884; p = 0.923; p = 0.051; p = 0.268; p = 0.793 respectively). The effect of the treatment procedure showed a significant difference (p < 0.001), except for the roughness values (p = 0.984). The lowest Calcium (Ca) ratio (%atomic) was observed in the RI group in the EDX analysis. Conclusion Remineralizing agents and resin infiltration methods may be used in combination or alone in the treatment of initial enamel lesions. Combining remineralizing agents with resin infiltration does not alter the efficacy of the treatment.
Comparison of different methods used in the classification of maxillary gingival phenotype: A diagnostic accuracy study
(WILEY, 2024) Guliyev, Rasul; Lütfioğlu, Müge; Keskiner, İlker
Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the reliability and applicability of novel methods for determining gingival phenotypes and compare them with currently recommended methods. Methods: Six maxillary anterior teeth from 50 systemically and periodontally healthy patients were evaluated using two conventional methods (periodontal probe translucency method [PP] and transgingival measurement with an endodontic file [EF]), and two novel methods (colored biotype probe translucency method [CBP] and transgingival measurement with a Florida probe [FP]). All data were statistically analyzed. Intra-examiner reproducibility and inter-examiner reproducibility for all methods were analyzed using 10 randomly selected patients who were re-evaluated for each analysis. Results: Moderate agreement was found between EF and PP, with statistically significant differences between median gingival thickness (GT) values for thick 0.8 mm (0.5-1.1 mm) and thin 1 mm (0.6-1.7 mm) phenotypes, and a threshold GT value of <= 0.92 mm (p < .001). FP and PP also showed moderate agreement, with statistically significant differences between median GT values for thick and thin phenotypes (0.80 mm [0.40-1.60 mm] and 0.89 mm [0.40-1.60 mm], respectively), and a threshold GT value of <= 0.8 mm (p < .001). PP and CBP values showed a substantial agreement (p < .001). A statistically significant difference was found between median EF values and CBP categories (p < .001); however, paired comparisons showed that the distinction was applicable only between thin and other phenotypes. Conclusion: Although CBP was found to be successful in detecting the thin phenotype, it was not successful in distinguishing between medium, thick, and very thick phenotypes; moreover, it did not appear to offer any advantages over PP. Although FP may be preferable to EF in measuring gingival thickness, the cost of FP is a disadvantage.
Using Cluster Analysis to Identify Metabolic Syndrome Components and Physical Fitness in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome
(2024) Yiğit, Şafak; Akıncı, Buket; Ülker Ekşi, Büşra; Korkmaz Dayıcan, Damla; Çalıkoğlu, Fulya; Çelik, Yusuf; Yeldan, İpek; Satman, İlhan
Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) comprises a cluster of cardiovascular risk factors. Physical inactivity and reduced physical fitness are associated with one or more components of MetS. However, MetS has many components, and the unclear relationship between the components and physical fitness parameters can provide a plain and straightforward understanding of the clustering method.Aim: To identify the relationship between physical fitness parameters, physical activity levels, and components of MetS using hierarchical cluster analysis.Methods: One hundred twenty-one patients (mean age = 51.4 +/- 7.1/years, F:90, M:31) who were diagnosed as having MetS according to the National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP III) criteria were included in the study. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglyceride (TG) were analyzed. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures, (SBP and DBP), were evaluated. Body composition (waist and hip circumference, (WC and HC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), body mass index (BMI), percent body fat, and visceral fat), upper and lower extremity muscle strength (dynamometer), and functional exercise capacity [6-minute walk test (6MWT)] were assessed as physical fitness parameters. Physical activity levels were assessed using a pedometer and number of steps (NS) was determined.Results: Of the patients, 45.5% were diagnosed as having MetS based on four components. The dendrogram consisted of two main clusters and four subclusters. The main cluster I composed of BMI, HC, WC, visceral fat, HDL-C, percent fat, SBP, DBP, and percent quadriceps. The main cluster II comprised FPG, TG, WHR, handgrip strength, 6MWT, and NS.Conclusion: MetS components clustered with different physical fitness parameters. The clusters in the dendrogram can provide substantial implications for heterogeneous MetS components and physical fitness parameters. Future studies are needed to elucidate the effectiveness of dendrogram-derived exercise programs in MetS.
Hyaluronic acid as a pulpotomy material in primary molars: an up to 30 months retrospective study
(BMC Oral Health, 2024) Sezgin, Batın Ilgıt; Gökçe Çiçek İldeş Sezgin; Koyuncu, Özge; Menteş, Ali
Background: The aim of this retrospective study was to determine the long-term clinical and radiographic success of our previous randomized clinical trial and to compare the success of hyaluronic acid, with the widely used formocresol and ferric sulphate agents. Methods: This retrospective study is the extension of the 1-year survey of our randomized clinical trial that had compared the effectiveness of a hyaluronic acid pulpotomy over formocresol and ferric sulphate pulpotomies and included clinical and radiographic evaluations with a follow-up period of over 24 months for 44 children who applied to our clinic between May 2019 and September 2019. Long-term clinical and radiographic data were obtained from the periodic files of our department, wherein each tooth’s file was examined to identify any clinical and radiographic findings. Descriptive statistics and Pearson’s chi-square tests were used to evaluate the data. Statistical significance was considered as p < 0.05. Results: The clinical and radiographic success rates of the hyaluronic acid, formocresol, and ferric sulphate groups were not statistically different at > 24 months. None of the teeth in the hyaluronic acid group showed any clinical findings at > 24 months. Conclusions: Hyaluronic acid pulpotomies exhibited comparable success rates to formocresol and ferric sulphate materials spanning over 24 months examinations. Because of convenient accessibility and applicability of hyaluronic acid, it may be recommended as a promising alternative medicament for pulpotomy treatments of primary molars. However, further long-term follow-up human studies are needed to better understand the effect of hyaluronic acid on the dental pulp of human primary molars.
Comparative cell viability of dentin-bonding adhesive systems on human dental pulp stem cells: time-dependent analysis
(Research Square Platform LLC, 2024) Kazak, Magrur; Güngör Sarıalioğlu, Ayça; Ozman, Zeynep; Dönmez, Nazmiye
Background Restorative materials are in prolonged contact with living tissues such as oral mucosa, dentin, pulp, periodontal, and periapical tissues. Therefore, the potentially harmful effects of these materials and their components on oral tissues should be evaluated before clinical use. This study aimed to compare the cell viability of different adhesive systems (ASs) on human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). Methods Three ASs that combining methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (MDP) monomer with new hydrophilic amide monomers [Clearfil Universal Bond Quick(CUBQ), Kuraray Noritake], self-reinforcing 3D monomer [Bond Force II(BFII), Tokuyama)], and dual-cure property [Futurabond DC(FBDC), VOCO] were used. Three (n=3) samples were prepared for each group. Dental pulp stem cells were isolated from ten patients’ extracted third molar teeth. Samples were incubated in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) for 24 h (h), 72 h, and 7 days (d) to obtain extracts. For the control group, cells were cultured without DBA samples. Cell viability of ASs extracts was measured using a cell proliferation detection kit (WST-1, Roche). Statistical analysis was performed using two-way ANOVA and post-hoc (Duncan) tests (p<0.05). Results At 24 and 72 h statistically significant differences were determined between control and BFII, control and FBDC groups (p<0.05), while no differences between control and CUBQ groups (p>0.05). On the 7th d, statistically significant differences were found between the control and experimental groups (p<0.05), while no differences between experimental groups (p>0.05). A statistically significant difference was detected for the BFII group over the three-time interval (p<0.05). The lowest cell viability was observed for the FBDC group at 24 h, and the difference was statistically significant when compared with 72 h and 7th d (p<0.05). Conclusion All ASs showed different cell viability values at various exposure times. It should be taken into consideration that pH values, as well as the contents of ASs, have a significant effect on the cell viability.
Enamel Matrix Derivative, 58S5 Bioactive Glass, and Fluoride Varnish for Enamel Remineralization: A Multi-analysis Approach
(2024) Güngör Sarıalioğlu, Ayça; Dalkılıç, Evrim; Alkan, Elif; Yılmaz Atalı, Pınar; Tağtekin, Dilek
PURPOSE: This study aimed to evaluate the enamel remineralization efficacy of enamel matrix derivative (EMD), experimental bioactive glass (BAG), and fluoride varnish in vitro. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Artificial initial caries lesions were developed on fifty human enamel specimens using demineralization solution (pH 4.5, 37°C, 96 hours). Specimens were randomly assigned to five groups (n=10): I-5% NaF varnish (Enamelast), II-experimental 58S5 BAG+37% phosphoric acid (PA), III-EMD (Emdogain) + Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid (EDTA), IV-EMD+37% PA, V-Control (untreated). All remineralization agents were applied with pH cycling for seven days. The specimens were scanned by spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) at baseline, at demineralization, and after pH cycling. Lesion depths were measured using image analysis software (ImageJ). Lesions were evaluated using surface microhardness (SMH) and two fluorescence methods (FluoreCam and DIAGNOdent Pen [DDPen]). The data were statistically analyzed by Kruskal Wallis, Friedman, and Wilcoxon tests (?=0.05). RESULTS: According to SD-OCT results, fluoride varnish was found to be the most effective agent in reducing lesion depth (p=0.005). All agents increased the SMH values after pH cycling. No significant difference was found among fluoride varnish, BAG, and EMD+PA groups. These SMH values were significantly higher than EMD+EDTA and control groups (p<0.001). All groups showed lower DDPen scores compared with the control group (p<0.001), however, no significant difference was found among the remineralization agents. In FluoreCam assessment, size and intensity values of all treated groups showed improvement. However, there was no significant difference between the treatment groups in terms of FluoreCam size measurements (p=0.186). CONCLUSION: 58S5 BAG and EMD+PA have remineralization capacity as effective as fluoride varnish. EMD+PA showed better SMH and lesion intensity results than EMD+EDTA.

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