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Öğe Spatial characterization of the phoenixin receptor in the lacrimal and major salivary glands(2026) Gürler, Esra Bihter; Elmas, M.A.; Eyüpoğlu, I.P.; Arbak, S.; Çevik Aras, H.Objective: To identify and characterize the expression of phoenixin receptor GPR173 (G protein-coupled receptor 173) in the rat lacrimal and major salivary glands (parotid, submandibular, and sublingual). GPR173 is associated with hormonal regulation and autoimmunity; however, its expression in exocrine glands has yet to be characterized. Design: Under anesthesia, eight Sprague Dawley rats underwent bilateral dissection of the lacrimal and major salivary glands. GPR173 expression was assessed using Western blotting and immunofluorescence. Immunoreactivity was quantified using ImageJ software and compared using the Friedman test with DunnBonferroni post hoc analysis. Results: GPR173 protein expression was found in all examined exocrine glands. In the major salivary glands, GPR173 was detected in both acinar and ductal cells, while expression was confined to acinar cells in the lacrimal gland. The submandibular and parotid glands showed significantly higher immunoreactivity than the lacrimal gland (p < .01 and p < .05, respectively). Ductal epithelium showed stronger immunopositivity compared to acinar epithelium. GPR173 immunoreactivity was also observed in periductal stromal tissue in major salivary glands. Conclusion: GPR173 expression was observed in both acinar and ductal cells of all major salivary glands, while in the lacrimal gland, it was restricted to the acinar cells. This differential localization suggests tissue-specific relevance.Öğe Attachment and Relational Regulation in Esports Psychology: Understanding Performance in Digital Environments(Springer Nature, 2026) Balıkçı, ElifEsports has emerged as a rapidly professionalizing performance domain characterized by high cognitive demands, continuous social evaluation, and digitally mediated interaction. While research has largely focused on attentional, motor, and decision-making processes, the relational and regulatory dimensions of esports remain underexplored. Drawing on attachment theory, this chapter conceptualizes esports as a hybrid relational environment in which stress, evaluation, and mediated proximity simultaneously activate internal regulatory systems. It argues that digital communication channels may function as forms of secure base and safe haven, reorganizing attachment processes within technologically mediated contexts. Differences in attachment anxiety and avoidance are discussed in relation to performance stress, feedback sensitivity, team coordination, and long-term well-being. By moving beyond a purely cognitive account of esports performance, this chapter highlights the importance of relational regulation and psychosocial dynamics in sustaining high-level competitive play. Attachment theory is proposed as a holistic framework for understanding how players navigate threat, belonging, and exploration in the digital age. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2026.Öğe Assessment of Surface Roughness and Bacterial Adhesion of Occlusal Splints Fabricated with Different Layer Thicknesses, Polishing Techniques and Build Orientations(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2026) Dede, Merve; Saygılı, Sina; Topçuoğlu, NursenThis study evaluated the combined effects of build orientation, layer thickness, and polishing protocols on surface roughness and bacterial adhesion of occlusal splints. Ten disc-shaped specimens (Ø16 × 3 mm) were fabricated for each group using a digital light processing (DLP)-based 3D printer. Specimens were printed at two orientations (0° and 90°) and two layer thicknesses (50 and 100 µm) using a splint resin. Surface roughness was measured with a contact profilometer, and bacterial adhesion was measured by optical density (OD) readouts for Streptococcus mutans using a spectrophotometer. Surface morphology was examined by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Statistical analyses were performed using jamovi. Because normality and/or homogeneity assumptions were not met, robust analysis of variance was applied. Polishing protocol significantly affected surface roughness (Ra) values. Unpolished specimens showed the highest Ra values, whereas mechanical polishing combined with centrifugation produced the lowest values. No significant main effects of polishing protocol, layer thickness or orientation were observed for bacterial adhesion. SEM findings supported the roughness results. Surface roughness was primarily influenced by polishing protocols and their interactions, whereas bacterial adhesion remained relatively stable. The weak Ra–OD correlation indicated that surface roughness alone was not a reliable predictor of bacterial adhesion.Öğe Comparison of W. Arnett’s cephalometric analysis measurements performed using artificial intelligence and manual measurements(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2026) Kula, Betül; Polat, Elif Nadide AkayObjectives: This study aimed to compare the linear and angular Arnett cephalometric measurements obtained from WebCeph Premium™ with those from manual cephalometric analysis and to assess the reliability of the automated measurements. Methods: Thirty-two pre-treatment lateral cephalograms of patients were randomly selected. Images were calibrated, 29 landmarks were manually traced, and 40 parameters were recorded by two orthodontists (6 angular, 34 linear). WebCeph Premium™ (version 2.0.0, AssembleCircle Corp., Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea) automatically identified landmarks and performed Arnett’s cephalometric analysis. After 15 days, orthodontists reassessed the radiographs. Reliability and repeatability were evaluated using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), which exceeded 0.95, indicating excellent agreement. Normality was assessed using the Shapiro–Wilk test, and group comparisons were performed with paired t-tests. Results: For Researcher 1, initial ICC values ranged from 0.003 to 0.984 and final values from 0.617 to 0.996. For Researcher 2, initial ICC values ranged from 0.022 to 0.999 and final values from 0.601 to 0.999. Inter-observer ICC values ranged from 0.03 to 0.984, with most measurements showing high agreement. Manual tracing and WebCeph Premium™ showed high agreement, with ICC values ranging 0.913 and 0.995. Conclusions: WebCeph Premium™ demonstrates high concordance with manual Arnett analyses; however, further refinement of certain parameters is necessary to enhance AI precision. Clinical Relevance: The utilization of WebCeph Premium™ within clinical settings has the capacity to enhance the efficiency of cephalometric analysis for orthognathic cases by minimizing manual workload and inter-examiner variability. This can result in more consistent and efficient treatment planning. © The Author(s) 2026.Öğe From Norm Breach to Cascades: Judicial Responses to Suspect Interviewing Across Legal Cultures and the Cross-Norm Inhibition Effect(John Wiley and Sons, 2026) Kaya Cicerali, LütfiyeSuspect interviewing practices shape not only investigative outcomes but also the legitimacy of criminal justice systems. This article introduces the Cross-Norm Inhibition Effect (CNIE) as a theoretical framework explaining how tolerance of a single norm violation during interrogation can trigger cascading erosion of related procedural safeguards. Drawing on social-psychological research on norm inhibition and spillover, the article applies CNIE to suspect interviewing across adversarial, inquisitorial, hybrid, and human-rights–based legal systems. Using a conceptual-illustrative methodology, it analyzes recent high-court decisions across legal cultures to examine how judicial responses may contain, amplify, or reverse CNIE cascades, suggesting that CNIE functions as a conditional risk amplifier rather than a deterministic process. Weak safeguards and confession dominance may increase vulnerability to cascading distortions, whereas transparency, redundancy, and consistent judicial oversight may generate reinforcing compliance dynamics. Accordingly, this article contributes to debates on the implementation of the Méndez Principles and related rights-based interviewing reforms. © 2026 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.Öğe A rare form of schwannomatosis on the volar surface of the hand and wrist: A case report(Elsevier, 2024) Kıraç, Müge; Kara, Abbdullah Burak; Bulut, Halil İbrahim; Başdemir, Gülçin; Gümüş, Danyal; Özkan, KorhanBackground: Schwannomas, which are also known as neurilemomas, constitute the most common type of peripheral nerve tumors. These tumors can grow slowly and occur as painless swellings over the course of several years before their diagnosis. The aim of this report is to present a case of a very rare plexiform schwannoma originating from second digital nerve and multiple schwannomas from third and fourth digital nerves and palmar cutaneous branch of median nerve with emphasis given on differential diagnosis and treatment strategy. Case Presentation: A 15-year-old patient presented with soft tissue masses on the volar surface of the hand, initially diagnosed as benign nerve sheath tumors. Surgical excision was performed twice, preserving nerves and tendons. Recurrence occurred, and subsequent biopsy confirmed benign nerve sheath tumors. Microscopic examination revealed multinodular/plexiform schwannoma in the larger lesion and simple schwannomas in others, leading to a diagnosis of multiple schwannomatosis. All surgeries resulted in intact sensory and motor function. Conclusion: Surgical treatment can be curative and effectively employed for concomitant schwannoma tumors. Nevertheless, with careful planning and execution, surgery remains a promising option for patients with concomitant schwannomas. Further research and long-term follow-up studies are needed to fully understand the outcomes and refine the techniques used in these surgical treatments.Öğe Postoperative thirst in children: Experience of children's, parents and health professionals(2026) Şensoy, Özlem; Mert, Sabiha; Aydın, Ayfer; Şahin, CeylanPurpose: Thirst is one of the most distressing symptoms experienced by pediatric patients after surgery. This study aimed to explore and document the experiences of children, parents, and health professionals regarding postoperative thirst, providing insights to develop care strategies that address the emotional and psychological needs of pediatric patients. Design: A qualitative approach was employed to gather in-depth insights into the experiences of children, parents, and health professionals regarding postoperative thirst. Methods: Purposive sampling was employed in a Pediatric Surgery Unit, involving a total of 40 participants: ten children, sixteen parents, and fourteen health professionals. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with all participants, and the transcribed data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Findings: The content analysis revealed five themes: physical symptoms, feeling of discomfort, lack of knowledge, coping strategies, and suggestions. Conclusions: This qualitative study highlights the critical importance of addressing postoperative thirst in enhance the physical and emotional well-being of pediatric patients, emphasizing that thirst is not merely a physical symptom but a multidimensional experience that significantly affects children and their families. Implications to practice: This findings supports health professional should be educated on recognizing and managing postoperative thirst as a symptom in postoperative care. Integrating evidence-based thirst management strategies into postoperative care protocols can significantly improve patient outcomes, reduce anxiety, and promote recovery, ultimately advancing the quality of pediatric surgical care. © 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.Öğe The Impact of Social Media Based Advice on Health Behaviors in Digital Health Communication(Journal of Health Communication, 2026) Öngel, Volkan; Yurttaş, Özge Uluğ; Ateş, Gözde Bozkurt; Gümüşboğa, Yağmur; Mutlu, HaticeThe growing visibility of social media influencers has increased interest in their role in shaping health beliefs and behaviors. While prior research has largely focused on message characteristics or direct behavioral outcomes, less attention has been given to the conditions under which influencer-based health messages are interpreted and translated into action. This study conceptualizes influencer-based health communication not as a direct persuasive force, but as a conditional communication process. Drawing on Uses and Gratifications Theory and the Health Belief Model as interpretive frameworks, it examines how individuals engage with health-related influencer content, how such engagement relates to health perceptions, and how digital health literacy shapes message interpretation.Survey data from social media users were analyzed using Firth's penalized logistic regression to address the rarity of influencer-driven health behavior. Findings indicate that, despite high levels of exposure to influencer-based health content, the translation of such exposure into health-related action remains limited. Exposure to health content significantly increases the likelihood of influencer-driven behavior, whereas higher digital health literacy reduces this likelihood, suggesting a protective effect. Additionally, perceived commercial intent decreases the probability that influencer recommendations lead to action.By distinguishing between engagement and behavioral change, this study reframes influencer effects as conditional outcomes shaped by motivations, perceptions, and interpretive competencies. It contributes to health communication literature by moving beyond linear persuasion models and highlighting the critical role of digital health literacy. The findings also offer practical implications for strengthening individuals' ability to critically evaluate health information in digital environments.Öğe Is Spirulina safe in terms of heavy metals? A public health risk assessment(Springer Nature, 2026) Yaşar, Rüya Kuru; Aytekin, Özlem Üstün; Yılmaz, Şahin; Şahin, FikrettinSpirulina is a microalga/cyanobacterium widely consumed as a dietary supplement due to its high nutrient content and health benefits. While Spirulina is recognized for its contribution to daily mineral intake (e.g., iron, manganese, magnesium, and potassium), its ability to bind heavy metals raises safety concerns, particularly for vulnerable age groups. This study analyzed eight commercial Spirulina supplements (powder and tablet forms) consumed in Türkiye for heavy metal and macro-mineral content using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). The health risks were assessed across various age groups, including pregnant and breastfeeding women. Significant variability was found in heavy metal and mineral concentrations among the supplements, with one sample (S3) exceeding acceptable Hazard Index (HI) levels for all age groups except adults. Notably, Spirulina supplements generally did not exceed the established dietary reference values or Codex limits for heavy metals, except in certain younger age groups where potential non-carcinogenic risks were observed. The results emphasize the importance of determining safe consumption levels for Spirulina and other algae-based supplements to mitigate risks while maximizing their nutritional benefits. Additionally, the findings highlight the need for public health guidelines to standardize Spirulina’s daily intake and labeling practices.Öğe The relationship between health literacy, nutrition literacy, and beliefs and behaviors related to cancer prevention(2026) Baş, Dilşat; Schoinas, Ezgi Sakar; Kestane, Vahibe UluçayPurpose The study evaluates the relationship between cancer prevention beliefs and health and nutrition literacy, and their impact on healthy eating practices. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted with 811 voluntary adult participants aged 18 to 65. Data were collected via a five-section questionnaire assessing sociodemographic characteristics, cancer prevention beliefs, Mediterranean Diet Adherence Scale (MEDAS), Turkish Health Literacy Scale-32 (TSOY-32), and Self-Perceived Food Literacy Scale (SPFL). Correlations between participants’ mean scores across the scales were analyzed. Results The mean age of participants was 27.02 ± 10.14 years. Mean scores were 32.01 ± 10.86 for health literacy, 4.00 ± 1.71 for MEDAS, and 89.94 ± 15.46 for SPFL. Fatalistic beliefs about cancer prevention were held by 71.3% of participants. Adequate health literacy and high adherence to the Mediterranean diet were independent variables that increased fatalistic cancer prevention beliefs (p < 0.05), while being over 30 reduced them. Higher education level, perception of health status, adequate nutrition knowledge, and receiving nutrition information from healthcare professionals or dietitians increased health literacy (p < 0.05). Being married, following a special diet, and higher perceived food literacy increased adherence to the Mediterranean diet (p < 0.05). Female gender, regular exercise, and higher perception of health status increased perceived food literacy (p < 0.05). Conclusion Improving health literacy, education level, perception of health status, and nutrition knowledge, along with ensuring health information from professionals such as dietitians, is essential for enhancing fatalistic beliefs about cancer prevention.Öğe Dimensional and cross-sectional compatibility of contemporary nickel–titanium files and their corresponding gutta-percha cones: A micro-computed tomography study(Springer International Publishing, 2026) Sarkan, Cem; Haznedaroğlu, FarukThis study aimed to evaluate the dimensional and sectional compatibility between contemporary nickel–titanium (NiTi) root canal instruments and their corresponding gutta-percha (GP) cones with variable tapers, and to assess their compliance with ISO and ADA standards using micro-computed tomography (Micro-CT). Four NiTi file systems (ProTaper Next X2, HyFlex EDM OneFile, Reciproc Blue R25, and WaveOne Gold Primary) were analyzed. Their compatibility with corresponding GP cones was assessed based on diameter and taper measurements at 1 mm intervals (D1 to D16). Measurements were performed using Micro-CT imaging, and data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-tests, and one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc tests (p<0.05). Compliance with International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and American Dental Association (ADA) standards was also assessed. The findings reveal significant dimensional discrepancies between files and GP cones, with GP cones generally exhibiting larger diameters. Reciprocating systems (WaveOne Gold and Reciproc Blue R25) demonstrated superior compatibility with GP cones compared to rotary systems (ProTaper Next and HyFlex EDM OneFile). GP cones adhered more closely to ISO and ADA standards than files. Significant mismatches were identified between NiTi instruments and their corresponding GP cones. Reciprocating systems showed better dimensional compatibility than rotary systems. These results highlight the need for careful evaluation of material pairing to ensure optimal clinical performance.Öğe Aesthetic efficacy of resin infiltration on post-orthodontic white spot lesions using different conditioning methods: 24-month randomized control follow-up(Allen Press Inc., 2026) Karaman, Emel; Ünsal, Kübra Alan; Öz, Aslıhan Zeynep; Öz, Abdullah Alper; Ercin, ÖzlemObjectives: To assess color and fluorescence changes in post-orthodontic white spot lesions (WSLs) using different surface conditioning methods from prior to resin infiltration to a 24-month follow-up. Materials and Methods: Thirty patients, each with a minimum of four WSLs with ICDAS (International Caries Detection and Assessment System) II code 1 and 2 after bracket debonding were included. After baseline (T0), the lesions were randomly divided into four groups: regular brushing, 15% HCl (hydrogen chloride) gel, 37% H3PO4(phosphoric acid) gel, and Er:YAG (erbium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet) laser. Icon resin infiltration was applied. In the treatment groups, color and fluorescence were reexamined just after the resin infiltration treatment (T1), and after 6 (T2) and 24 months (T3). Results: There were no significant fluorescence or color changes between the treatment groups for the different time intervals. The control group showed a significantly lower color change from T0 to T2 and T0 to T3 than all the treatment groups whereas, at T2–T3, the control group showed the greatest improvement. Conclusions: Resin infiltration caused greater esthetic improvement and more revival of the lost fluorescence than daily brushing. HCl gel, H3PO4gel, and Er:YAG laser are adequate conditioning methods for resin infiltration of post-orthodontic WSLs with ICDAS II code 1 and 2. (Angle Orthod. 2026;96:311–317.). © 2026, Allen Press Inc. All rights reserved.Öğe A cross-sectional study on the determinants of parents' giving vitamin C to their children engaged in sportive activities(Campus EDUCA SPORTIS S.L., 2026) Kuyucu, Mihalis; Yücel, Ali Serdar; Korkmaz, Murat; Özpinar, Saliha; Öztaş, Dilek; Düz, Serkan; Cihaner, PerihanThe primary objective of this study is to examine the sociodemographic determinants influencing parents' administration of vitamin C to children participating in sports activities. The research was conducted with the participation of 697 parents residing in various districts of Istanbul and having children aged 9–18 years. Data were collected using a questionnaire and analysed using logistic regression, chi-square test, t-test, and multiple regression analyses in the SPSS 25 programme. The child's regular vitamin C use was considered the dependent variable. The parents' educational level, income level, occupational status, and family structure were evaluated as independent variables. When evaluating the findings, we observed that as the level of education increased, parental awareness became more pronounced. In particular, we found that the rate of regular vitamin C use was significantly higher among children of parents with high income levels, university degrees, and office jobs (p<0.05). Another finding wasthat individuals who exercised regularly were more aware. It was also determined that vitamin C use is more prevalent among children who engage in significantly more weekly exercise and are younger in age (p<0.001). In conclusion, parents' socioeconomic and educational levels play a decisive role in children's immune support behaviours. These findings have the potential to contribute to the development of parent-focused educational programmes and health policies aimed at supporting children's health.Öğe Green entrepreneurship in the context of environmental changes, cultural dynamics and capital forms: A research on European Green Capitals(Yildiz Technical University, 2026) Habip, Elif; Doğan, EbruThis study investigates how green entrepreneurship is shaped by environmental changes, cultural dynamics, and forms of capital, focusing on their impact on entrepreneurs in a city designated as a "green city" by the European Green Capital Award. Using a qualitative research approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews and observations with green entrepreneurs in Essen, Germany. The data were analyzed using MAXQDA 2022. Findings reveal that the city's green status significantly influences entrepreneurs' decisions to adopt green business practices, with environmental awareness playing a key role. Green entrepreneurs not only recognize environmental changes but also embrace the sustainability culture of their city. Additionally, specific forms of capital contribute to their business success. These results offer recommendations for entrepreneurs, policymakers, and society to support and promote green entrepreneurshipÖğe INTEGRATING MULTI-CRITERIA METHODOLOGY WITH SYMBOLIC REGRESSION ON LOAN MODELLING IN BANKING SECTOR(Faculty of Organizational Sciences, 2026) Bumin, Mete; Özçalıcı, Mehmet; Ertuğrul, AyşegülAbstract Forecasting loans accurately is essential for the banking sector as it underpins effective risk management, capital allocation, and portfolio optimization. This study aims to model loans in the Turkish banking sector by integrating symbolic regression with multi-criteria decision-making methodologies. Monthly data from January 2004 to September 2024, derived from banks’ financial statements, are utilized for the analysis. The optimal parameter configuration for symbolic regression is determined using the TODIM (an acronym in Portuguese for Interative Multi-criteria Decision Making) methodology. The forecasting performance of symbolic regression is evaluated against established models, including Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA), Gaussian Process Regression (GPR), Support Vector Machines (SVM), Neural Networks (NN), Regression Trees (RT), and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network models. The proposed approach is applied across private, public, and foreign banks, as well as the overall banking sector. A significant finding of this study is the identification of a robust relationship between loans and two critical variables: assets and deposits. These results underscore the Corresponding author importance of strengthening deposit mobilization strategies and enhancing asset utilization to effectively grow banks’ loan portfolios. © (2026), (Faculty of Organizational Sciences, University of Belgrade). All right reserved.Öğe Automated deep learning detection of orthodontically induced external apical root resorption in maxillary incisors on panoramic radiographs(2026) Özden, Samet; Kula, Betül; Tankuş, MahmutObjectives This study aimed to develop and compare two YOLOv12-based deep learning models—object detection and pose estimation—for the automatic classification of orthodontically induced external apical root resorption (OIEARR) using panoramic radiographs. Materials and methods A total of 624 panoramic radiographs obtained from 312 patients aged 10–18 who underwent at least 12 months of fixed orthodontic treatment were retrospectively analyzed. Each maxillary central and lateral incisor was graded for OIEARR severity on a 4-point scale (Grade 0 to Grade 3) by two experienced orthodontists serving as the ground truth. Two YOLOv12-based models were trained: an object detection (OD) model for regional analysis and a pose estimation (PE) model for anatomical landmark localization. Both models were trained and validated on annotated panoramic images and evaluated using accuracy, precision, recall, specificity, F1-score, confusion matrix, and ROC-AUC. Results The PE model outperformed the OD model across all evaluation metrics, demonstrating superior performance in detecting OIEARR. Specifically, the PE model achieved a weighted F1-score of 0.88, compared to 0.60 for the OD model. It also showed higher accuracy (0.93 vs. 0.78), precision (0.88 vs. 0.64), and recall (0.88 vs. 0.59), confirming its robustness in root resorption classification. Particularly in Grade 1 and Grade 2 resorption categories, the PE model demonstrated markedly superior classification performance (F1=0.85 and 0.88, respectively), while maintaining excellent detection in Grade 3 cases (F1=0.95). Confusion matrix analysis revealed that most misclassifications occurred between neighboring grades. ROC-AUC values for the PE model were consistently high (0.90–0.99), indicating strong discriminative ability across all resorption stages. Conclusions The YOLOv12x PE model offers a reliable and sensitive tool for detecting varying degrees of root resorption on panoramic radiographs. Its fine-grained anatomical localization capabilities provide an advantage for early diagnosis, making it a promising approach for clinical decision support in orthodontics.Öğe Transformational and transactional leadership in ambidexterous innovation: exploratory and exploitative outcomes(Emerald Publishing, 2025) Hiziroğlu, Mahmut; Gümüş, Abdülkadir; Özer, YağmurPurpose - The research on the relationship between leadership styles and innovation behaviors, particularly exploratory and exploitative innovation, remains inconsistent and underdeveloped. To address this gap, this study aims to investigate the influence of transformational and transactional leadership styles on exploratory and exploitative innovation, while also examining the moderating effects of organizational factors, specifically firm size and organizational age. Design/methodology/approach - This study employs a quantitative research design, with the sample of firms that have at least ten employees. A total of 762 valid responses were collected through surveys. The data were analyzed using hierarchical regression analysis. Findings - The results reveal that transformational leadership positively influences exploratory innovation but negatively affects exploitative innovation, whereas transactional leadership positively influences both types. Notably, contrary to prior research, transactional leadership also enhances exploratory innovation. Firm size moderates these relationships in an inverted U-shape: transformational leadership fosters exploratory innovation in small and large firms and supports exploitative innovation in medium-sized firms. A similar pattern emerges for transactional leadership. Additionally, younger firms exhibit a stronger preference for exploratory innovation. Research limitations/implications - This study is limited to Turkish firms, which may restrict the generalizability of the findings. It relies on perceived innovation behavior rather than objective metrics and does not consider factors like sectoral or cultural differences. The cross-sectional design also limits causal inferences, indicating the need for longitudinal or experimental research to explore temporal dynamics. Practical implications - From a practical standpoint, this study highlights the critical role of leadership in shaping innovation behaviors, offering insights for organizations of different sizes and ages. It demonstrates how leadership styles can be leveraged to foster ambidextrous innovation, providing a tailored approach for leaders to enhance innovation while considering key contextual factors affecting leadership effectiveness. Originality/value - This study enhances understanding of how leadership styles influence the balance between exploratory and exploitative innovation in Turkish firms, emphasizing the moderating roles of firm size and age. It also challenges the conventional view that transformational and transactional leadership are exclusively linked to specific innovation types, offering a more nuanced perspective on the role of leadership in fostering ambidextrous innovation.Öğe Malocclusion as a Cause of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders(2025) İşçi, Kemal DevrimThe jaw and skull are joined at the temporal mandibular joint (TMJ), a synovial joint. You can find these two joints directly in front of your ears. Each joint comprises the mandibular condyle, the temporal bone’s articular tubercle, and an articulating disk. Allowed motions include lateral, vertical, and horizontal movement, protrusion, and retrusion. The complex motions of chewing, speaking, and generating facial emotions are made possible by this joint and the muscles that link to it. The joint pain and dysfunction that affect the jaw joint are known as temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) or TMJ syndrome. Myalgias, myofascial pain, arthralgia, disk displacement disorders, degenerative joint disease, subluxation, and 11 other pain-related and intra-articular TMJ diseases have been found by an international group. © 2025 Springer Nature Switzerland AG.Öğe Effect of solvent use on dentin crack in retreatment(2024) Zümrütel, Pelin; Haznedaroğlu, Faruk; Keleş, Ali; Basmacı, Gülsüm KutluAIM or PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of solvent use on dentinal crack formation in during root canal retreatment with micro-CT. MATERIALS and METHOD: Root canal treatments were performed on the mesial roots of 20 mandibular molars. The teeth were divided in two groups: Group A: solvent and Group B: Non-solvent. During primary treatment, canal preparation was performed using Revo-S files. The root canals were filled using the lateral compaction technique and AH Plus sealer. During retreatment procedure, Protaper Retreatment Files were used in both groups. Guttasolv was used as solvent during retreatment in group A. Before and after the initial treatment and retreatment, the teeth were imaged using microCT. Meanwhile, the remaining root canal filling materials in the teeth were also examined. RESULTS: Crack formation was not observed in either group. Residual filling material remained in the root canal after the procedure in both groups and there was no statistical significant difference found in terms of residual matter between the regions according to the results of the measurements made separately in three regions as coronal, middle, and apical regions. CONCLUSION(S): In conclusion, within the limitations of this in vitro study, it could be said that Ni-Ti systems do not cause dentin defects if used with or without a solvent. Even if the retreatment was performed close to ideal, it was determined that residual filling material remained on the canal walls during retreatment.Öğe Qraypen In Residual Caries Detection And Cavity Disinfection(2025) Bittar, Ahmad; Alkan, Elif; Tağtekin, DilekIntroduction: Residual bacterial activity after selective caries removal may compromise restoration longevity. QrayPen, a fluorescence-based device, enables real-time detection of red fluorescence (DR) and maximum red fluorescence (DRmax)— markers of bacterial activity. This case series explores QrayPen’s utility in identifying residual caries and evaluating the antibacterial effect of 2% chlorhexidine digluconate applied as a cavity disinfectant. Case description: Five adult patients with active dentinal caries underwent selective caries removal. QrayPen was used to measure DR and DRmax before and after chlorhexidine application. Measurements were standardized in a dark environment with consistent drying and probe positioning. Lesions were also evaluated using ICDAS II, Nyvad criteria, and ICCMS radiographic scores. All five cases showed detectable fluorescence post-caries removal; post-disinfection readings indicated reduced bacterial activity. Discussion: The findings suggest QrayPen can identify residual bacterial presence undetectable by conventional visualtactile methods. The observed decrease in DR and DRmax values after chlorhexidine application supports its effectiveness as an adjunctive diagnostic tool. This dual use may enhance decision-making in minimally invasive restorative protocols by confirming both cleanliness of the cavity and efficacy of disinfection. Conclusion/clinical significance: QrayPen may aid clinicians in verifying caries removal and evaluating cavity disinfection in real time. Its integration into routine practice could support more conservative and evidence-based restorative treatments, improving long-term outcomes.
