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Neuropsychiatry of psychological resilience: An overview
(Istanbul Medipol University, 2025) Eroğlu, İpek; Macit, Çağlar; Gezgin, Ulaş Başar; Omurtağ, Gülden Zehra; Himmetoğlu, Asena
Psychological resilience is the operational software of competencies that enables us to cope positively with life’s drawbacks. As with all competencies and associated skills, the level of psychological resilience may vary among in-dividuals. This research addresses the neuropsychiatric dimension of psychological resilience and discusses its potential applications in improving public health and pharmacy practices. To conduct a modeling study to identify, di-agnose and disseminate to the society the individual characteristics that con-stitute the building blocks of a resilient society that will cope with pandemics, climate change, wars, waves of migration, inability to meet the basic needs of the increasing population and infrastructure problems, global economic crisis, technological challenges, digital transformation pressure, disruptive changes, and the VUCA (volatility, uncertainty, complexity, ambiguity) world environ-ment, led us to a detailed literature review. Neuropsychiatry of psychological resilience is exemplified by recent global developments, biological underpinnings, genetic variations, clinical perspectives, and developmental aspects.
Development and Evaluation of an Electronic Nursing Process System for Cardiology Nurses Based on the Functional Health Patterns Model
(Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2025) Enç, Nuray; Türen, Sevda; Şendir, Merdiye
The research was conducted to develop and evaluate an electronic nursing process system for cardiology nurses according to the functional health patterns model. A design-based research method was used, in which quantitative and qualitative research methods were used together. The sample of the study consisted of 25 cardiology nurses working in a university hospital who had not used a system created according to the functional health patterns model before and 8 subject matter experts. A snowball sampling method was used. The research process was carried out within the framework of the five cycles of design-based research: analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. Face-to-face interviews were used to collect data from nurses and subject matter experts regarding the features that the ideal electronic nursing process system will create according to the functional health patterns model. After the system was developed in accordance with these data, the system was tested three times by the nurses and experts in the sample group on 11 defined tasks in terms of effectiveness, efficiency, and satisfaction of the participants, using success rate and completion time criteria through observations of effectiveness and efficiency. The satisfaction level was measured through semistructured interviews with the sample group. Data were analyzed using content analysis. The system was redeveloped based on the findings obtained after analyzing the data collected after each test. With the last development made after the third test, the system was given its final form. At the end of the study, it was revealed that the electronic nursing process system developed according to the functional health patterns model for cardiology nurses was effective and efficient and the satisfaction level of the users with the system was high.
The automation trap: Unpacking the consequences of over-reliance on AI in education and its hidden costs
(IGI Global, 2025)
With the growing presence of artificial intelligence (AI) in classrooms, its influence on how students think, learn, and interact deserves close scrutiny. However, its increasing integration and accessibility raise concerns about AI dependency among students. Excessive reliance on AI may weaken essential cognitive skills, including critical thinking, problem-solving, and creativity, which are crucial for academic and professional success. Moreover, diminished human interaction with teachers and peers threatens the human aspect of education. This chapter critically examines the risks of AI over-reliance, emphasizing its long-term consequences on student development. Left unchecked, this dependency may lead to superficial learning and hinder the cultivation of independent thought. The normalization of AI-generated outputs may also blur the line between authentic learning and algorithmic convenience. It highlights the shift from AI as a supportive tool to a potential source of dependency and advocates for a more balanced, human-centered integration of technology in education.
The effect of endurance-based sports on athlete success and psychological well-being
(Campus EDUCA SPORTIS S.L., 2025) Özpinar, Saliha; Yüce, Ali Serdar; Korkmaz, Murat; Öztaş, Dilek; Aras, Gökşen
The aim of this study is to examine the effects of psychological resilience on sport success and mental health. The relationships between commitment, control and challenge, which are sub-dimensions of psychological resilience, and sport success and psychological well-being were evaluated and discussed in detail. Today, the problems arising due to the increasing competitive environment and stress factors have made it more important for athletes to be psychologically strong. Although the relationship between psychological resilience and sport success has been previously examined in the literature, studies evaluating the individual effects of the sub-dimensions of resilience in a large sample group are quite limited. This study aims to overcome this deficiency and make an up-to-date contribution to the subject. A total of 684 students (72 percent male, 28 percent female) studying at the Faculties of Sport Sciences of 16 universities in Istanbul, Ankara, Izmir, Bursa and Antalya participated in the study. Participants completed the Resilience Scale and Mental Health Inventory, and their sporting achievements were evaluated by their coaches using the Sport Achievement Scale. Data were collected via Google Forms® and analysed using SPSS 22.0 software with correlation, regression and Granger causality tests. The findings revealed that all resilience sub-dimensions showed positive and significant relationships with sport achievement (R²=0.93) and psychological well-being (R²=0.68). Especially control and challenge factors had the strongest effects. As a result of the research, commitment, control and challenge, which are the sub-dimensions of psychological resilience, significantly affect both success levels and psychological well-being of athletes. Therefore, resilience development programmes for athletes should focus on these areas.
Investigation of the Cross-Norm Inhibition Effect Through Theoretical Links and Hypothetical Examples
(Routledge, 2025) Kaya Cicerali, Lütfiye
The Cross-Norm Inhibition Effect (CNIE) offers an alternative approach to shaping behavior, maintaining order, and preventing crime by recognizing the interconnected nature of social norms. This article explores CNIE’s theoretical foundations and demonstrates its potential impact at different social levels through hypothetical examples. Practical guidance is provided for applying CNIE within families, organizations, and communities. As the most comprehensive international study of CNIE to date, it shows how strategic interventions can trigger a domino effect that promotes positive behaviors. CNIE could become a valuable tool for governments, families, and businesses in building a safer, more harmonious society.
Digitalization and Innovation in the Transformation of Green Entrepreneurship: A Bibliometric Analysis
(IGI Global Scientific Publishing, 2024) Mouloudj, Kamel
Green growth is a key path for sustainable economic development, integrating environmental concerns into business practices. This shift has led to the rise of green entrepreneurship, which is still in its early stages, where digitalization plays a crucial role. Digital transformation facilitates green practices such as zero carbon, waste management, electric vehicles, and smart city technologies, enhancing efficiency, competitiveness, and innovation in green enterprises. Green innovation, a critical element of green entrepreneurship, provides practical and eco-friendly solutions to social and environmental challenges. This study explores the interconnectedness of green entrepreneurship, digitalization, and innovation (key concepts "green entrepreneur*" and ("digit*") or ("innovation") through bibliometric analysis, using data from 214 documents in the Web of Science database. The study, mapped via VOSviewer, shows that the field is rapidly growing, with China leading in research output. Future research is expected to focus on more innovative topics in green entrepreneurship.
A Novel Homozygous Missense SCUBE3 Variant with Protein Modeling in a Patient Diagnosed as Short Stature, Facial Dysmorphism, and Skeletal Anomalies with or without Cardiac Anomalies 2
(S. Karger AG, 2025) Yeter, Burcu; Dilek, Yunus Emre; Kendir Demirkol, Yasemin; Selamioǧlu, Arzu; Klrmlzlbekmez, Heves; Kaymakçalan Çelebiler, Hande; Bayram Akçaplnar, Günseli
Introduction: Short stature, facial dysmorphism, and skeletal anomalies with or without cardiac anomalies 2 is a very rare genetic disorder caused by biallelic pathogenic variants in the SCUBE3 gene and has been reported in approximately 20 patients to date. SCUBE3 protein exhibits significant expression in various tissues, including primary osteoblasts, long bones, and the cartilage of the axial skeleton throughout development, while also playing a regulatory role in the FGF, Hedgehog, and TGF-β signaling pathways. Case Presentation: We report a 13-year-old female patient from a consanguineous Turkish family with a novel homozygous missense variant, c.908G>C (p.Cys303Ser) in the SCUBE3 gene identified, through exome sequencing. The patient exhibited prenatal growth retardation, short stature, microcephaly, distinctive facial traits, such as long face, high arched eyebrows, epicanthus, blepharoptosis, hypotelorism, high nasal bridge, micrognathia, and large ears, dental anomalies, and skeletal abnormalities, including scoliosis, eleven pairs of ribs, mild radial bowing, irregular endplates in the lower thoracic vertabrae, and narrow iliac wings. Conclusion: Protein modeling using AlphaFold3 revealed disruption of a critical disulfide bridge within the seventh epidermal growth factor-like repeat, likely affecting protein stability. In this study, we aimed to further characterize the clinical, radiological, and molecular features of this disorder with protein modeling.
Children's social media use behaviors according to parents' social media addiction and methods used by parents
(Elsevier B.V., 2025) Topan, Aysel; Akkoç, Betül; Kurt, Aylin
The objective of the present study is to ascertain how parents' social media addiction affects their children's social media use behaviors and the methods employed by parents to manage this situation. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 218 parents of children between the ages of 7–18. The collection of data was facilitated by two instruments: the “Parent-Child Information Form” and the “Social Media Addiction Scale. ” Results: The present study has revealed that 41.6 % of parents are addicted to social media. Conversely, parents who do not manifest symptoms of social media addiction exhibit a heightened level of awareness regarding their children's social media accounts and demonstrate a more deliberate approach. The predominant methods employed by parents to restrict their children's access to social media included directing them towards sports activities (71.7 %) and fostering peer interaction (37.2 %). Conversely, parents grappling with social media addic tion have adopted more stringent measures, including the deliberate confiscation of devices, with the aim of curtailing their children's access to social media. Conclusion: The relationship between parents' social media addiction and their children's social media use is a complex one. While children of addicted parents demonstrate a higher propensity for social media usage, parents endeavour to restrict their children's exposure to this environment. Practical ımplications: Nurses and health professionals can play a pivotal role in raising awareness among families and providing guidance to children on the safe use of the internet.
Effect of different factors on microleakage and fracture strength of CAD-CAM produced inlays
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2025) Subaşı, Meryem Gülce; Pekkan, Gürel; Arslan Malkoç, Meral
Purpose: To investigate the effects of occlusal finish line, material, cement, and aging type on the microleakage and fracture strength of inlay restorations in vitro. Materials and Methods: Mesio-occluso-distal (MOD) inlay cavities were prepared in all teeth with an occlusal finish line in the form of a butt joint (BJ) or hollow-ground chamfer (HC) in one wall (buccal) (n = 80 each). Inlay restorations were designed using a computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) device and milled from blocks (lithium disilicate ceramic [IPS e.max CAD] [LD] and resin nanoceramic [Lava Ultimate] [RN] [n = 40 each]). Inlay restorations were cemented to each tooth with dual-cure resin cement (RelyX Ultimate) (RU) or dual-cure self-adhesive resin cement (RelyX U200) (RU2) (n = 20 each). Specimens were divided into two groups (control [C] and thermomechanical aging [TM]) (n = 10 each). Microleakage and fracture strength tests were performed. The failure types were determined. Microleakage data (mm3) and fracture strength data (N) were analyzed by 4-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Pairwise comparisons were made by Bonferroni testing. Fisher–Freeman–Halton testing was used to examine the relationship between categorical data. The correlation between microleakage and fracture strength was analyzed using Pearson's correlation analysis (p = 0.05). Results: Although the occlusal finish line, cement, and aging type affected the microleakage (p < 0.001), only the occlusal finish line type affected the fracture strength (p = 0.007). Relationships between the microleakage and fracture strength data were nonsignificant in all subgroups. Conclusions: For inlay restorations, an HC finish line and RU resin cement can be recommended. © 2025 by the American College of Prosthodontists.
MRI-based alzheimer's disease classification using vision transformer and time-series transformer: a step-by-step guide
(Elsevier B.V., 2025) Alp, Sait; Akan, Sara; Akan, Taymaz
This study introduces a reproducible pipeline for classifying Alzheimer's Disease from structural brain MRI utilizing a joint transformer architecture that integrates Vision Transformer and Time-Series Transformer models. The proposed framework uses pre-trained ViT for feature extraction from 2D slices of MRI volumes, followed by sequential modeling with a transformer-based classifier to capture inter-slice dependencies. The method is evaluated on the ADNI dataset, involving both binary (AD vs. NC) and multiclass (AD, MCI, NC) classification tasks across axial, sagittal, and coronal planes.
Artificial intelligence solutions for temporomandibular joint disorders: Contributions and future potential of ChatGPT
(Korean J Orthod, 2025) Kula, Betül; Kula, Ahmet; Bagcier, Fatih; Alyanak, Bülent
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the reliability and usefulness of information generated by Chat Generative Pre-Trained Transformer (ChatGPT) on temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD). Methods: We asked ChatGPT about the diseases specified in the TMD classification and scored the responses using Likert reliability and usefulness scales, the modified DISCERN (mDISCERN) scale, and the Global Quality Scale (GQS). Results: The highest Likert scores for both reliability and usefulness were for masticatory muscle disorders (mean ± standard deviation [SD]: 6.0 ± 0), and the lowest scores were for inflammatory disorders of the temporomandibular joint (mean ± SD: 4.3 ± 0.6 for reliability, 4.0 ± 0 for usefulness). The median Likert reliability score indicates that the responses are highly reliable. The median Likert usefulness score was 5 (4–6), indicating that the responses were moderately useful. A comparative analysis was performed, and no statistically significant differences were found in any subject for either reliability or usefulness (P = 0.083–1.000). The median mDISCERN score was 4 (3–5) for the two raters. A statistically significant difference was observed in the mean mDISCERN scores between the two raters (P = 0.046). The GQS scores indicated a moderate to high quality (mean ± SD: 3.8 ± 0.8 for rater 1, 4.0 ± 0.5 for rater 2). No statistically significant correlation was found between mDISCERN and GQS scores (r = –0.006, P = 0.980). Conclusions: Although ChatGPT-4 has significant potential, it can be used as an additional source of information regarding TMD for patients and clinicians.
Evaluation of sociodemographic and nutrition-related factors for type 2 diabetes risk: a sample from Turkiye
(BioMed Central Ltd, 2025) Karaca-Çelik, K. Esen; Toprak, Dilek; Baş, Murat; Tevfikoğlu, Leyla; Kahrıman, Meryem; İnce-Palamutoglu, Merve; Doğan, Nurhan; Baş, Dilşat
Background: Considering the increasing prevalence of diabetes, we aimed to evaluate the risk of diabetes in our sample and its relationship with sociodemographic and nutrition-related factors.Methods: We conducted the study in Afyonkarahisar province of Turkiye with participants aged 18-65 years. In this face-to-face study, we used a questionnaire on sociodemographic information and general dietary habits and the FINDRISC screening tool. We also recorded participants' 24-hour food recall and assessed anthropometric measurements. We analyzed epidemiological data using binary logistic regression models to assess possible risk factors associated with the presence of diabetes risk. Results: Overall, this study included 3,990 participants, 50.03% (n = 1996) and 49.97% (n = 1994) of whom were males and females, respectively. The FINDRISC score was higher in females (p = 0.001), married individuals (p < 0.001), those with lower education levels (p < 0.001), and participants diagnosed with the disease by a doctor (p < 0.001). Additionally, having a body mass index (BMI) of > 30 kg/m2 increased the risk by 7.33 folds compared with having a BMI of < 25 kg/m2. Significant but very low correlation coefficients were found between main meal consumption, energy, lipid and iron intake and diabetes risk (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that increasing age, increasing BMI, lower education level, and having a disease diagnosis can be significant risk factors for diabetes. However, more studies are needed to clarify risk factors, especially those related to nutrition.
Resources Allocated for Undergraduate Education in Oral Radiology in European Dentistry Programmes: A Survey Study
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2025) Ahlqvist, Jan; Levring Jäghagen, Eva; Friedlander-Barenboim, Silvina; Clarkson, Rosalyn; Ferreira Da Costa, Jorge; Fişekçioğlu, Erdoğan; Mitsea, Anastasia; Szopinski, Kazimierz
Aims: The Education Committee of the European Academy of DentoMaxilloFacial Radiology should ‘encourage and support high levels of graduate and postgraduate education in dentomaxillofacial radiology (DMFR) all over Europe’. For this reason, the committee aimed to formulate a document describing resources allocated for undergraduate education within oral radiology in Europe today that can serve as a benchmark against which dental schools and/or countries with dentistry programmes can relate their undergraduate education. Materials and Methods: A questionnaire addressing resources allocated for learning oral radiology was distributed to colleagues involved in oral radiology education in 117 dental schools in 29 countries in Europe. Results: The answers represent approximately 13% of the dental schools in 40% of the countries providing dental education in Europe. There was a large variation regarding qualifications among teachers. There were also large differences in reported time dedicated to oral radiology courses, within some parts the allocated time differed by a factor 16. Discussion: An ambition to achieve high standards in oral radiology all over Europe should, based on the results of this survey, start with an effort to attain consensus regarding the role of oral radiology in dental education. The involvement of dentists with DMFR specialist training, would support high levels of undergraduate education. Conclusion: The results of this survey include information that educators and authorities can relate to in planning and implementation of new or revised curriculum. The ambition should be to increase teachers' competence and to work towards more harmonised and extensive courses in oral radiology. © 2025 The Author(s). European Journal of Dental Education published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Malaria in Turkey: A comprehensive analysis of diagnosis, treatment, and the impact of COVID-19, ten years after malaria elimination (2012-2023)
(Elsevier Inc., 2025) Şahin, Özgün Ekin; Kalay, Zeynepgül; Sarı, Nagehan Didem; Batırel, Ayşe; Ersöz, Gülden; Tuncer, Ertem Günay; Turunç, Tuba; Gözüküçük, Ramazan; Şimşek Çelener, Funda; Kantürk, Arzu; Süer, Kaya; Özer Balın, Şafak; Sağmak Tartar, Ayşe; Çelebi, Güven; Kuşoğlu, Hülya; Ateş, Selma; Alkan, Sevil; Mıstanoğlu Özatağ, Duru; Berk, Hande; Uzun, Cengiz; Karakoç, Çağla; Erdem, İlknur; Mumcu, Necati; Çölkesen, Fatma; Altunçekiç, Arzu; İnci, Ayşe; Yılmaz Karadağ, Fatma; Türkoğlu Yılmaz, Emine; Arslan, Mustafa; Şahin, Ahmet; Erdoğan, Haluk; Zorbozan, Orçun; Ertabaklar, Hatice; Ertan, Oğuz; Gücer, Lal Sude; Ergönül, Önder
Background: The characteristics, diagnosis, and treatment stages of malaria in Turkey in the last ten years are not known except few case reports. We aimed to describe the details of the diagnosis and treatment practices of malaria cases in various hospitals across Turkey between 2012 and 2023 after the declaration of the elimination of malaria. Methods: We collected the patient data from 30 centers by using Qualtrics Survey Software. The patients were categorized according to the WHO Malaria Severe Disease Symptoms guidelines. Results: We detected 299 malaria cases. Of these patients, 23.7% experienced misdiagnosis, with 77.5% of misdiagnosed cases receiving antibiotics. Among the patients, 9 (3%) had no travel history. Additionally, 28 (9.4%) patients required admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) during hospitalization. There is a significant association between misdiagnosis and subsequent ICU admissions. Additionally, the duration between malaria diagnosis and the initiation of treatment significantly affected ICU admissions. Furthermore, the number of cases with severe malaria (according to WHO criteria) and ICU admissions increased after the COVID-19 period. In multivariate analysis, initial misdiagnosis was found to be associated with ICU admission (OR: 2.8, p < 0.05), while each day's treatment delays post-diagnosis increased ICU admissions (OR: 1.26, p < 0.05). Conclusion: Misdiagnosis is common which delays the treatment and is correlated with higher admissions to ICUs. Post-COVID-19, there was a notable increase in both ICU admissions and cases of severe malaria, suggesting an escalation in disease severity that warrants further investigation. The resurgence of rare malaria cases with no travel history to abroad highlights the necessity of continued vigilance for new malaria cases. Efforts to promptly treat upon diagnosis and improve diagnostic accuracy in Turkey, where malaria is uncommon, are crucial. Enhancing diagnostic methods and treatment strategies remains essential, especially in significant events like COVID-19.
Comparison of conventional and modified sling suture techniques in free gingival graft operations-a randomized controlled clinical trial
(BMC, 2025) Shakiliyeva, Sanubar; Şahin, Demet; Günpınar, Sadiye; Gursel, Mihtikar
Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of conventional suture (CS) and modified sling suture (MSS) techniques, applied in free gingival graft (FGG) surgery using gingival unit graft (GUT) and conventional graft (CG) techniques, on clinical parameters and graft dimensions. Methods: 52 individuals having Cairo Type 2 (RT2) and Type 3 (RT3) gingival recessions in mandibular anterior were divided into four groups as (a) GUT + MSS (n = 13), (b) GUT + CS (n = 13), (c) CG + MSS (n = 13) and (d) CG + CS (n = 13). Keratinized tissue width (KTW), relative gingival recession height (rGRH), and relative vestibule depth (rVD) measurements were recorded using a digital caliper and UNC 15 periodontal probe. Dimensional changes (Δ) of the graft surface area (GSA) was determined by ImageJ software. All measurements were done at baseline, 1st and 3rd months. Results: It was determined that the increase in KTW in the 1st and 3rd months in GUT + CS group was significantly higher than GUT + MSS group (p < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in Δ rVD and Δ rGRH values between the groups. When ΔGSA (mm2) values were compared between the groups, the decrease in the 1st and 3rd months in the CG + MSS group was found to be significantly higher than the GUT + MSS and GUT + CS groups (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Within the limits of this study, it can be concluded that keratinized tissue can be obtained successfully with both GUT or CG techniques in FGG surgery, on the other hand, regardless of the suture technique, GUT showed less graft shrinkage than CG.
Touching the Loss and Creating a New Sense of Being in Clay Field Therapy: A Longitudinal Phenomenological Research
(Halil Eksi, 2025) Başoğlu Yavuz, Saba
Clay Field Therapy is a trauma-informed Sensorimotor Art Therapy rooted in haptic perception. It emphasizes the tactile relationship between the individual’s hands and materials, providing a non-verbal avenue for deep therapeutic processing. The combination of three fundamental materials creates Clay Field: a rectangular wooden box filled with smooth clay and warm water. This longitudinal phenomenological study aims to examine the experiences of individuals undergoing Clay Field Therapy to process complex grief. The participant group consists of four women, aged between 30 and 45, who sought Clay Field Therapy due to their unique experiences of loss and grief. Data was collected through participant-led, in-depth, process-oriented, and semi-structured interviews conducted after the first and twelfth Clay Field sessions of each participant. Longitudinal Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis was employed to explore in detail how participants attributed meaning to their experiences, changes, and transformations during Clay Field Therapy. Four superordinate themes emerged from the analysis of data: beyond words, from nothingness towards existence, from tangible experiences towards a transformative spiritual experience, and a comprehensive sense of being. Clay Field Therapy facilitates not only the resolution of the grief process but also enables profound existential work and spiritual growth. This process, in which individuals reconstruct the meaning of life through their tactile encounters in the Clay Field, has been conceptualized as “Embodied Reflection.”
Functional changes in metabolic syndrome
(Metabolic Syndrome: A Comprehensive Update with New Insights, 2025) Gürler, Esra Bihter; Aras, Hülya Çevik; Bostanci, Nagihan
Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is a condition characterized by the cooccurrence of several cardiovascular risk factors, including insulin resistance, obesity, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. The development of MetS is closely linked to visceral adiposity, which refers to fat accumulation around critical vital organs in the abdominal cavity. Visceral fat is metabolically active and produces adipokines, proteins that regulate energy balance and play a role in inflammation and atherosclerosis. Some adipokines, such as leptin and adiponectin, have beneficial effects on glucose homeostasis and are considered protective against MetS. However, other adipokines, such as visfatin and resistin, contribute to glucose intolerance and have pro-atherogenic properties. Visceral obesity also contributes to the development of MetS through its effects on blood pressure. It activates the sympathetic nervous system, the reninangiotensin-aldosterone system, and insulin resistance, leading to elevated blood pressure. Another critical factor in the development of MetS is the activation of the lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1). LOX-1 is a protein that acts as a receptor for oxidized LDL on the cell surface. Its activation leads to the production of reactive oxygen species, a decrease in nitric oxide, and increased expression of molecules contributing to hypertension and vascular damage. LOX-1 is also involved in the development of other complications associated with MetS, such as nephropathy and left ventricular hypertrophy. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) regulates blood volume, electrolyte balance, and vascular resistance. In patients with MetS, the activation of RAAS leads to increased levels of angiotensin II (Ang II) and aldosterone, which have various effects on blood pressure and sodium and water retention. Ang II also contributes to oxidative stress and inflammation in the vasculature. Insulin resistance, a key feature of MetS, disrupts the insulin signaling process in adipose tissue, leading to increased lipolysis and elevated levels of circulating free fatty acids. These fatty acids further worsen insulin resistance and contribute to impaired glucose metabolism.Oxidative stress, characterized by an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species and the body's antioxidant defenses, is closely associated with the development of MetS. Hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia, standard features of MetS, are linked to increased oxidative stress and ROS production. Oxidative stress and the activation of RAAS and LOX-1 contribute to the progression of dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases. The oral-gut-liver axis is an emerging concept that suggests a relationship between oral infections, such as periodontitis, and metabolic dysfunction, including MetS and liver diseases. Periodontitis has been associated with chronic liver diseases, such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and liver cirrhosis. The translocation of oral bacteria from the mouth to the gut may contribute to gut dysbiosis, increased intestinal permeability, and systemic inflammation, which can worsen liver functions. Overall, the development of MetS involves the interplay of various factors, including visceral obesity, adipokines, LOX-1 activation, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and the oral-gut-liver axis. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for preventing and managing MetS and its associated complications. Further research is needed to fully elucidate the roles of individual factors and develop targeted interventions for MetS.
A physiotherapeutic approach to a baby with right disgenesis of thumb and left agenesis of upper extremity: A case report
(Prosthetics and Orthotics International, 2024) İnal, Habibe Serap; Reis, Osman
A boy with bilateral congenital anomalies of the upper extremities with transverse absence of the left arm (agenesis) and absence of right thumb (disgenesis), fixed elbow in extension due to humeroradial synostosis thought that the humerus was intact. His wrist could move passively with 50° flexion, 0° extension, and 70° radial deviation. The other 4 fingers were intact, 4-5 metatarsal bones were in synostosis, and the fifth finger was clinodactyly. He was born by normal delivery. The physiotherapist started sensorimotor training to achieve functional movements of the right upper extremity. The exercises for the trunk muscles were emphasized to prevent the future possible thoracolumbar curve due to the absence of loading of the left arm on trunk muscles. Serial splinting was performed to position the wrist and fingers for functional purposes and abduction and internal rotation of the index finger to perform the opposition position until the pollicization surgery. At 1 and a half, his trunk was straight, and the wrist was partially corrected (15° extension; 35° radial deviation). He was able to play with toys and eat food. The mother rated his performance as 8/10 and 10/10, respectively. Both mother and father were satisfied with his performance in activities of daily living according to his age compared with his peers (9/10; 10/10, respectively). Thus, the physiotherapist's sensorimotor training and the positioning splints may be considered as feasible interventions in this case.
Exploring Medium- and Long-Term Respiratory and Functional Sequelae in Young Adults Post-COVID-19
(MDPI, 2025) Ekşi, Büşra Ülker; Kısa, Eylül Pınar; Harputlu, Özge Ertan; Kara Kaya, Begüm; Hoşbay, Zeynep; Akıncı, Buket
Background and Objectives: Long COVID-19 syndrome may cause difficulties in functionality during daily life in young people. Our objective was to investigate the respiratory and functional sequelae in young adults with asymptomatic or mild COVID-19 compared with healthy peers 3-6 months and 6-12 months after COVID-19 infection. Materials and Methods: Participants aged 18-25 who had COVID-19 within the last 3-6 months (Post-COVID Group 1, n = 25) and 6-12 months (Post-COVID Group 2, n = 25) and age-gender-matched healthy controls (n = 25) were included in this study. Respiratory functions and muscle strength were measured. Physical function was assessed with 6 min walking test (6MWT) and an Incremental Shuttle Walk Test (ISWT). The 1 min sit-to-stand test (1-MSTST) and hand grip strength (HGS) were used to assess muscle performance. Fatigue and dyspnea severity were questioned. Results: The FVC%pred (p = 0.023) and MEP (p = 0.034) were higher, and 1-MSTST repetitions were lower in Post-COVID Group-1 compared to Post-COVID Group-2 (p = 0.029). The PEF%pred (p = 0.025), MEP (p = 0.001), and ISWT distance were lower in Post-COVID Group-2 compared to healthy controls. The number of 1-MSTST repetitions and 6MWT distance were lower in Post-COVID Group-1 (p = 0.003, p = 0.001) and Post-COVID Group-2 (p = 0.003, p = 0.017) than in healthy controls. Exercise-induced blood lactate change during the ISWT, HGS, fatigue, and dyspnea were not significantly different between post-COVID groups and healthy controls. Conclusions: Young adults who pass asymptomatic or mild SARS-CoV-2 infection exhibit a decline in FVC%pred, PEF%pred, lower extremity muscle performance, and physical function within 3-6 months. In addition, the deterioration in respiratory and physical functions becomes apparent within 6-12 months.
Determination of job stress levels of physical education and sport teachers
(Campus EDUCA SPORTIS S.L., 2025) Hergüner, Gülten; Yücel, Ali Serdar; Bal, Fatih; Özpınar, Saliha; Yaman, Çetin; Korkmaz, Murat; Kuyucu, Mihalis Michael
This study investigates how the job stress levels of physical education and sport teachers vary according to gender, age, educational status and job position. Within the scope of the research, the data obtained from 520 teachers were used and the job stress questionnaire was evaluated under four main subheadings. The results of Bartlett's test and Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) coefficient for the suitability of the data for factor analysis showed that the data were quite suitable for factor analysis; while the workload sub-heading explained the highest variance with 26.7%, skill use explained 14.2%, decision freedom explained 12.03% and social support explained 11.6% of the total variance. In the analyses based on gender differences, it was determined that male teachers had higher levels of workload stress, while female teachers had higher levels of skill use, decision freedom and social support stress. In the analyses conducted between age groups, no significant differences were found in the sub-dimensions. Similar results were obtained in the analyses conducted according to education levels. In the analyses conducted according to job positions, it was determined that administrators did not differ from non-administrators in all dimensions. These results show that it is important to customise job stress management strategies according to gender, age and job positions. It is emphasised that general stress management strategies should be developed to cover all demographic groups. © 2025, Campus EDUCA SPORTIS S.L.. All rights reserved.

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