The relationship between mental toughness, stress, and mindfulness in climbers

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dc.authorid0000-0003-3420-3810
dc.contributor.authorAlp, Hulusi
dc.contributor.authorBozgüney, Reha
dc.contributor.authorTürkay, İbrahim Kubilay
dc.contributor.authorTuraç, Görkem
dc.contributor.authorÖcal, Zeynep Senem Söyleyici
dc.contributor.authorYazar, Didem
dc.contributor.authorTemur, Eyüp
dc.contributor.authorCan, Banu
dc.date.accessioned2026-09-14T13:57:59Z
dc.date.available2026-09-14T13:57:59Z
dc.date.issued2026
dc.departmentİstanbul Galata Üniversitesi
dc.description.abstractBackground: Climbing is a sport that demands high levels of both physical and mental effort, and athletes may encounter significant stress during performance. Mental toughness refers to an athlete’s capacity to cope with stress and maintain performance under challenging conditions. Mindfulness is the conscious awareness and experiential engagement with the present moment. This study aimed to examine the relationship between mental toughness and stress levels in climbers, and to investigate the moderating role of mindfulness in this relationship. Methods: The study included 150 active climbers (90 males, 60 females; mean age = 25.4 ± 4.7 years). Mental toughness was assessed using the Sports Mental Toughness Questionnaire (SMTQ) and the Mental Toughness Inventory (MTI), stress levels were measured via the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), and mindfulness was evaluated using the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS). Multiple regression and moderation analyses were conducted using SPSS and the PROCESS macro, with 5,000 bootstrap samples and 95% confidence intervals. Results: Correlation analyses indicated significant negative relationships between SMTQ and MTI scores and PSS-10 scores, as well as between MAAS scores and PSS-10 scores (p < 0.001). Multiple regression analyses revealed that SMTQ (β = −0.33), MTI (β = −0.38), and MAAS (β = −0.29) significantly and negatively predicted stress levels (p < 0.001). Moderation analysis showed that higher levels of mindfulness strengthened the negative effect of mental toughness on stress (Interaction β = −0.18, p = 0.002). Conclusion: These findings indicate that both mental toughness and mindfulness play a crucial role in stress management among climbers. In particular, mindfulness enhances the stress-reducing effects of mental toughness. The results provide practical implications for sport psychology interventions and climbing training programs.
dc.identifier.citationAlp, H., Bozgüney, R., Türkay, İ. K., Turaç, G., Öcal, Z. S. S., Yazar, D., Temur, E., & Can, B. (2026). The relationship between mental toughness, stress, and mindfulness in climbers. Frontiers in Psychology, 17, Article 1799925.
dc.identifier.doi10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1799925
dc.identifier.issn1664-1078
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12941/461
dc.identifier.volume17
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ1
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.institutionauthorTuraç, Görkem
dc.institutionauthorid0000-0003-3420-3810
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherFrontiers Media
dc.relation.ispartofFrontiers in Psychology
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.subjectClimbing
dc.subjectMental Toughness
dc.subjectMindfulness
dc.subjectSport Psychology
dc.subjectStress
dc.titleThe relationship between mental toughness, stress, and mindfulness in climbers
dc.typeArticle

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