Assessment of Surface Roughness and Bacterial Adhesion of Occlusal Splints Fabricated with Different Layer Thicknesses, Polishing Techniques and Build Orientations

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dc.authoridhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9411-0507
dc.authoridhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5041-1129
dc.contributor.authorDede, Merve
dc.contributor.authorSaygılı, Sina
dc.contributor.authorTopçuoğlu, Nursen
dc.date.accessioned2026-07-09T12:39:36Z
dc.date.available2026-07-09T12:39:36Z
dc.date.issued2026
dc.departmentFakülteler, Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi, Klinik Bilimler Bölümü
dc.description.abstractThis study evaluated the combined effects of build orientation, layer thickness, and polishing protocols on surface roughness and bacterial adhesion of occlusal splints. Ten disc-shaped specimens (Ø16 × 3 mm) were fabricated for each group using a digital light processing (DLP)-based 3D printer. Specimens were printed at two orientations (0° and 90°) and two layer thicknesses (50 and 100 µm) using a splint resin. Surface roughness was measured with a contact profilometer, and bacterial adhesion was measured by optical density (OD) readouts for Streptococcus mutans using a spectrophotometer. Surface morphology was examined by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Statistical analyses were performed using jamovi. Because normality and/or homogeneity assumptions were not met, robust analysis of variance was applied. Polishing protocol significantly affected surface roughness (Ra) values. Unpolished specimens showed the highest Ra values, whereas mechanical polishing combined with centrifugation produced the lowest values. No significant main effects of polishing protocol, layer thickness or orientation were observed for bacterial adhesion. SEM findings supported the roughness results. Surface roughness was primarily influenced by polishing protocols and their interactions, whereas bacterial adhesion remained relatively stable. The weak Ra–OD correlation indicated that surface roughness alone was not a reliable predictor of bacterial adhesion.
dc.identifier.citationDede, M., Saygili, S., & Topcuoglu, N. (2026). Assessment of surface roughness and bacterial adhesion of occlusal splints fabricated with different layer thicknesses, polishing techniques and build orientations. Polymers, 18(12), Article 1545. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym18121545
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/polym18121545
dc.identifier.endpage17
dc.identifier.issn20734360
dc.identifier.issue12
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-105043096447
dc.identifier.startpage2
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12941/429
dc.identifier.volume18
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.institutionauthorDede, Merve
dc.institutionauthoridhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9411-0507
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherMultidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
dc.relation.ispartofPolymers
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.subjectDLP Printing
dc.subjectOcclusal Splint Resin
dc.subjectSurface Roughness
dc.subjectStreptococcus Mutans
dc.subjectAdditive Manufacturing
dc.subjectBacterial Adhesion
dc.titleAssessment of Surface Roughness and Bacterial Adhesion of Occlusal Splints Fabricated with Different Layer Thicknesses, Polishing Techniques and Build Orientations
dc.typeArticle

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